Evolution, Metabolism and Biotechnological Usage of Methylotrophic Microorganisms

Abstract

Methylotrophs -aerobic chemoheterotrophic microorganisms submitted by cocci and bacilli mobile forms, are inhabitants of reservoirs and soils of various type, where there are going on various processes of decomposition of organic substances with formation of the one-carbon С1-compounds and some С2-, and С3-compounds, capable to be assimilated by methylotrophs. These microorganisms assimilating carbon on ribuloso-5-monophospate and serine pathways, are allocated from soil ground, the sewage containing decomposing vegetative remainss, from ruminant paunch and other sources. Methylotrophic bacteria recently draw the increasing attention of biotechnology as feasible sources of natural biologically active compounds -fodder fibers and irreplaceable amino acids, carotenoid pigments, lipids and policarbohydrates. For preparation of these compounds are used genetically marked strains of methylotrophic bacteria, obtained via genetic engineering approaches and selection. Recently developed gene-engineering methods of manipulation with the methylotrophic genom allow create on the basis of microbic DNA of methylotrophs expression vectors of eukaryotic proteins for medical and veterinary purposes, as human insulins. In this review article there are submitted data including the results of the authors' own research on evolution of methylotrophic bacteria, the metabolism and their biotechnological usage.

Bacterial and diazotrophic diversities of endophytes in Dendrobium catenatum determined through barcoded pyrosequencing

“…Interestingly, Methylovirgula and Xanthobacter belong to both diazotrophic and methylotrophic bacteria [ 84 ] in different plants [ 85 ]. Methylovirgula were specialized to utilize methanol as their sole carbon source [ 86 ], and the abundance of Methylovirgula correlated significantly and negatively with the C/N ratio [ 87 ]. Xanthobacter flavus grows autotrophically by using the Calvin cycle for the fixation of CO 2 [ 88 ], and Xanthobacter autotrophicus has the ability to grow on H 2 /CO 2 , ketones, alcohols, sugars, carboxylic acids, and aliphatic alkenes [ 89 ].…”

Metabolism and Physiology of Methylotrophs

“…These include the existence of several complex characteristic of these types of systems of internal membranes; absence of a functioning of tricarboxylic acid cycle; availability of the Calvin cycle, or its analogue, the pentose phosphate cycle; localization in carboxysomes the key enzyme of the Calvin cycle (ribulose diphosphate carboxylase) [37,38]. Recent studies performed by us suggest the role of chemo-heterotrophs in the evolution of microorganisms [39]. Eukaryotic cells apparently arose only when there was oxygen in the atmosphere.…”

Toward Methanol-Based Biomanufacturing: Emerging Strategies for Engineering Synthetic Methylotrophy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

“…Native methylotrophs with the capacity to utilize C1 compounds as their sole carbon source are common in nature, where they subsist on a range of different substrates such as methane, formate, methyl amine, and methanol. , However, native methylotrophs are not currently suitable for broad use in biomanufacturing due to their poor genetic characterization and limited genetic tractability . This results in limited product spectra, low yields, and slow and expensive strain engineering.…”