In this review it is reported about the research on the structure of intermolecular water cyclic associates (clusters) with general formula (Н2О)n and their charged ionic clusters [(Н2О)n] + and [(Н2О)n]-by means of computer modeling and spectroscopy methods as 1 Н-NMR, IR-spectroscopy, DNES, EXAFS-spectroscopy, X-Ray and neurons diffraction. The computer calculation of polyhedral nanoclusters (Н2О)n, where n = 3-20 are carried out. Based on this data the main structural mathematical models describing water structure (quasicrystalline, continious, fractal, fractal-clathrate) have been examined and some important physical characteristics were obtained. The average energy of hydrogen bonding (EH…O) between Н2О molecules in the process of cluster formation was measured by the DNES method compiles-0,1067±0,0011 eV. It was also shown that water clusters formed from D2О were more stable, than those ones from Н2О due to isotopic effects of deuterium.
Biologic influence of deuterium (D) on cells of various taxonomic groups of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms realizing methylotrophic, chemoheterotrophic, photoorganotrophic, and photosynthetic ways of assimilation of carbon substrates are investigated at growth on media with heavy water (D 2 О). The method of step by step adaptation technique of cells to D 2 О was developed, consisting in plating of cells on 2 % agarose nutrient media containing increasing gradient of concentration of D 2 О (from 0 up to 98 % D 2 O) and the subsequent selection of stable to D 2 O cells. In the result of that technique were obtained adapted to maximum concentration of D 2 O cells, biological material of which instead of hydrogen contained deuterium with levels of enrichment 92-97,5 at.% D.
Abstract. The article presents the technology of microbiological synthesis of natural phototransforming photochrome transmembraine protein bacteriorhodopsin (output 8-10 mg) from purple membranes of photo-organotrophic halobacterium Halobacterium halobium, which is capable to transform light energy to electrochemical energy of generated protons H + and adenosine-5 ' -triphosphate (АТP). These data are important for nanoindustry of new modern domestic phototransforming nanomaterials on the base of bacteriorhodopsin and molecular bioelectronics.Keywords: Halobacterium halobium; purple membranes; bacteriorhodopsin; biosynthesis; biomolecular electronics.Введение. Бактериородопсин был впервые выделен из клеточной мембраны экстремальной аэробной фотоорганогетеротрофной палочковидной галобактерии Halobacterium halobium в 1971 г. В. Стохениусом (США) и Д. Остерхельтом (ФРГ) [1]. Он представляет собой хромопротеид с молекулярной массой Mr = 26,7 кДа, который содержит в качестве хромоформной группы эквимолекулярную смесь 13-цис-и полностью 13-транс-ретинольного С20-каротиноида -аналога витамина А, связанного альдиминной связью с остатком лизина-216. Наряду с бактериородопсином в клеточной мембране галофилов содержатся другие сопутствующие каротиноидные пигменты, основной из которых бактериоруберин, обусловливает окраску галобактерий от розового до красного и красно-оранжевого цветов, что имеет для галофилов важное значение как средство защиты против избыточной радиации и солнечного излучения, так как для мест их обитания характерна высокая освещенность.Бактериородопсин в центре внимания био-и нанотехнологии благодаря своей высокой светочувствительности и разрешающей способности, и используется в молекулярной
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