Evolution of deep-crustal normal faults: constraints from thermobarometry in the Grenville Orogen, Ontario, Canada

Busch, Jay P.; Essene, Eric J.; Pluijm, Ben A. van der

doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(96)00147-3

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…These data constrain the cooling history of the terrane from immediately after orogenesis in the Robertson Lake shear zone area to the time at which the terrane was uplifting as a uniform block. In addition, the geometry of normal fault motion and the amount of displacement along the shear zone are evident (Busch et al, 1996a). The U-Pb ages from titanites document the difference in metamorphic ages between the Mazinaw and the Sharbot Lake domains.…”

Section: Robertson Lake Shear Zonementioning

confidence: 90%

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Exhumation of a collisional orogen: A perspective from the North American Grenville Province

Streepey¹,

Lithgow‐Bertelloni²,

Pluijm³

et al. 2004

Memoir 197: Proterozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Grenville Orogen in North America

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Combined structural and geochronologic research in the southernmost portion of the contiguous Grenville Province of North America (Ontario and New York State)show protracted periods of extension after the last episode of contraction. The Grenville Province in this area is characterized by synorogenic extension at ca. 1040 Ma, supported by U-Pb data on titanites and 40 Ar-39 Ar data on hornblendes, followed by regional extension occurring along crustal-scale shear zones between 945 and 780 Ma, as recorded by 40 Ar-39 Ar analysis of hornblende, biotite, and K-feldspar. By ca. 780 Ma the southern portion of the Grenville Province, from Ontario to the Adirondack Highlands, underwent uplift as a uniform block. Tectonic hypotheses have invoked various driving mechanisms to explain the transition from compression to extension; however, such explanations are thus far geodynamically unconstrained. Numerical models indicate that mechanisms such as gravitational collapse and mantle delamination act over timescales that cannot explain a protracted 300 m.y. extensional history that is contemporaneous with ongoing uplift of the Grenville Province. Rather, the presence of a plume upwelling underneath the Laurentian margin, combined with changes in regional stress directions, permitted the observed uplift and extension in the Grenville Province during this time. The uplift history, while on a slightly different timescale from those of most plume models, is similar to that seen in models of uplift and extension caused by the interaction of a plume with the base of the lithosphere. Some of the protracted extension likely reflects the contribution of farfield effects, possibly caused by tectonic activity in other cratons within the Rodinian supercontinent, effectively changing the stress distributions in the Grenville Province of northeastern North America.

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Section: Robertson Lake Shear Zonementioning

confidence: 90%

“…older than rocks immediately across the Robertson Lake shear zone in the Mazinaw domain, where hornblende ages are ca. 950 Ma (Busch and van der Pluijm, 1996;Busch et al, 1996a). Biotite, which closes to the K-Ar system at ca.…”

Section: Robertson Lake Shear Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Exhumation of a collisional orogen: A perspective from the North American Grenville Province

Streepey¹,

Lithgow‐Bertelloni²,

Pluijm³

et al. 2004

Memoir 197: Proterozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Grenville Orogen in North America

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“…Cooling rates are categorised by tectonic setting; the Albany-Fraser Orogen cooled much more quickly than is typical for a Mesoproterozoic orogen. Cooling rates are sourced from the following references: Andersen et al (1991), Arnaud et al (1993), Attoh et al (1997), Barnicoat et al (1995), Batt et al (2000Batt et al ( , 2004, Bingen et al (1998Bingen et al ( , 2008, Bodorkos and Reddy (2004), Busch et al (1996), Camacho and McDougall (2000), Corrigan et al (1998), Costa et al (1993), Cosca et al (1998), Crowe et al (2001), Dahl et al (1999), Dahl et al (2004), Dunlap and Teyssier (1995), Flowers et al (2005), Forbes et al (2012), Foster et al (1990), Foster et al (1992), George et al (1995), Jacobs et al (1997), Jacobs and Thomas (2001), Krogstad and Walker (1994), Krol et al (1996), Lee (1995), Liu et al (2000), Mclaren et al (1999), Mclaren et al (2002), Mezger et al (1990), Mezger et al (1991), Möller et al (2000), Monie et al (1997), Ortega-Rivera et al (1997, Page et al (1996), Petitgirard et al (2009) Zeitler (1985). (Willigers et al, 2002).…”

Section: Orogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid cooling and exhumation in the western part of the Mesoproterozoic Albany-Fraser Orogen, Western Australia

Scibiorski

Tohver

Jourdan

2015

Precambrian Research

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The Albany-Fraser Orogen of southwestern Australia is an understudied orogenic belt, which is interpreted to record the Mesoproterozoic suturing of the Yilgarn Craton of Western Australia to the Mawson Craton of East Antarctica during Rodinia assembly. Previous U-Pb geochronology has dated peak amphibolite to granulite-facies metamorphism in the orogen at ca 1180 Ma. Here, we report the first 40 Ar/ 39 Ar thermochronology of hornblende, biotite and muscovite grains from a 360 km transect across the western Albany-Fraser Orogen, and uncover a record of strikingly fast syn-orogenic cooling and exhumation. To the north, muscovites from the Northern Foreland record cooling at ca 1159 Ma. In the central and southern domains of the orogen, the Biranup and Nornalup Zones, hornblende yields ca 1169 Ma cooling ages, and biotite yields ca 1172-1144 Ma cooling ages. The new cooling ages imply that the three domains were exhumed rapidly following peak metamorphism at ca 1180 Ma, attained a similar structural level by ca 1159 Ma, and have experienced a uniform exhumation history since that time. To constrain mineral closure temperatures and post-peak metamorphic cooling rates, we conducted a Monte Carlo simulation, which fully propagates uncertainty and minimises error correlations. Modelling of cooling from hornblende to biotite closure temperatures (ca 585 • C and 365 • C respectively) in the Nornalup and Biranup Zones yields fast cooling rates of 33 +17 −9 • C/Ma and 22 +7 −5 • C/Ma respectively. These fast cooling rates imply rapid exhumation in an active tectonic setting undergoing peak metamorphism. Although the structural evolution of the Albany-Fraser Orogen remains poorly constrained, the transpressional tectonic activity associated with deformation in the western part of the Albany-Fraser Orogen may have been an active driver of this fast exhumation. This is distinctly different from exhumation models for granulite-facies domains in other Mesoproterozoic orogens, which typically experience post-orogenic, slow 1-5 • C/Ma cooling, driven by mechanisms such as orogenic collapse and erosion. We consider that the observed differences reflect the interpreted syn-tectonic transpressional exhumation history of the Albany-Fraser Orogen, which is an underrepresented tectonic regime in the Mesoproterozoic cooling record.

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“…It includes a combination of structural evidence (e.g. van der Pluijm and Carlson 1989;Culshaw et al 1994;Busch and van der Pluijm 1996;Busch et al 1997;Schwerdtner et al 2005Schwerdtner et al , 2010bSelleck et al 2005), metamorphic evidence (Busch et al 1996b;Rivers 2008), and a wide range of geochronological evidence including U-Pb Figure 2. Tectonic map of the western Grenville Province and NW-SE crustal-scale cross-section X-X'-X'' based on deep seismic data integrated with geological evidence showing division of the orogenic crust into 5 structural levels.…”

Section: The Large Hot Orogen (Lho) Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-peak Evolution of the Muskoka Domain, Western Grenville Province: Ductile Detachment Zone in a Crustal-scale Metamorphic Core Complex

Rivers

Schwerdtner

2015

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The Ottawa River Gneiss Complex (ORGC) in the western Grenville Province of Ontario and Quebec is interpreted as the exhumed mid-crustal core of a large metamorphic core complex. This paper concerns the post-peak evolution of the Muskoka domain, the highest structural level in the southern ORGC that is largely composed of amphibolite-facies straight gneiss derived from retrogressed granulite-facies precursors. It is argued that retrogression and high strain occurred during orogenic collapse and that the Muskoka domain acted as the ductile detachment zone between two stronger crustal units, the underlying granulite-facies core known as the Algonquin domain and the overlying lower grade cover comprising the Composite Arc Belt. Formation of the metamorphic core complex followed Ottawan crustal thickening, peak metamorphism and possible channel flow, and took place in a regime of crustal thinning and gravitational collapse in which the cool brittle–ductile upper crust underwent megaboudinage and the underlying hot ductile mid crust flowed into the intervening megaboudin neck regions. Post-peak crustal thinning in the Muskoka domain began under suprasolidus conditions, was facilitated by widespread retrogression, and was heterogeneous, perhaps attaining ~90% locally. It was associated with a range of ductile, high-temperature extensional structures including multi-order boudinage and associated extensional bending folds, and a regional system of extension-dominated transtensional cross-folds. These ductile structures were followed by brittle–ductile fault propagation folding at higher crustal level after the gneiss complex was substantially exhumed and cooled. Collectively the data record ~60 m.y. of post-peak extension on the margin of an exceptionally large metamorphic core complex in which the ductile detachment zone has a true thickness of ~7 km. The large scale of the core complex is consistent with the deep level of erosion, and the long duration of extensional collapse is compatible with double thickness crust at the metamorphic peak, the presence of abundant leucosome in the mid crust and widespread fluid-fluxed retrogression, collectively pointing to the important role of core complexes in crustal cooling after the peak of the Grenvillian Orogeny.RÉSUMÉLe complexe gneissique de la rivière des Outaouais (ORGC) dans la portion ouest de la Province de Grenville au Québec et en Ontario est interprété comme le cœur d’un grand complexe métamorphique à coeur de noyau. Le présent article porte sur l’évolution post-pic du domaine de Muskoka, soit le niveau structural le plus élevé de l’ORGC composé en grande partie d’orthogneiss au faciès amphibolite dérivés de précurseurs au faciès granulite. Nous soutenons que la rétromorphose et les grandes déformations se sont produites durant l’effondrement orogénique et que le domaine de Muskoka en a été une zone de détachement ductile entre deux unités crustales plus résistantes, le cœur au faciès granulite sous-jacent étant le domaine Algonquin, et la chapeau sus-jacent à plus faible grade de métamorphisme comprenant le Ceinture d’Arc Composite. La formation du complexe métamorphique à coeur de noyau est survenue après l’épaississement crustale ottavien, le pic métamorphique et le possible flux en chenal, et s’est produit en régime d’amincissement crustal et d’effondrement gravitationnel au cours duquel la croûte supérieure refroidie a subit un mégaboudinage et où la croûte moyenne chaude et ductile sous-jacente a flué dans les régions entre les mégaboudins. L’amincissement crustale post-pic dans le domaine de Muskoka, qui a débuté en conditions suprasolidus, a été facilité par une rétromorphose généralisée, hétérogène, atteignant à peu près 90 % par endroits. Celle-ci a été associée avec une gamme de structures d’extension ductiles de haute température, incluant du boudinage de plusieurs ordres de grandeur et de plis de flexure d’extension, ainsi qu’un système régional de plis croisés d’origine transtensionnelle. À ces structures ductiles a succédé une phase de plissement de propagation de failles cassantes à ductiles à un plus haut niveau crustal, après que le complexe gneissique ait été exhumé et se soit refroidi. Prises ensemble, les données indiquent une extension post-pic sur la marge d’un complexe métamorphique à coeur de noyau exceptionnellement grand aux environs de 60 m.y. et dans laquelle la zone de détachement montre une épaisseur véritable d’environ 7 km. La grandeur de l’échelle du complexe métamorphique à coeur de noyau concorde avec le fort niveau d’érosion, et la grande durée de l’effondrement d’extension est compatible avec une croûte de double épaisseur au pic de métamorphisme, la présence de leucosomes abondants dans la croûte moyenne et d’une rétromorphose à flux fluidique généralisée, l’ensemble indiquant l’importance du rôle des complexes métamorphiques à coeur de noyau dans le refroidissement de la croûte après le pic de l’orogenèse grenvillienne.

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Evolution of deep-crustal normal faults: constraints from thermobarometry in the Grenville Orogen, Ontario, Canada

Cited by 15 publications

References 53 publications

Exhumation of a collisional orogen: A perspective from the North American Grenville Province

Exhumation of a collisional orogen: A perspective from the North American Grenville Province

Rapid cooling and exhumation in the western part of the Mesoproterozoic Albany-Fraser Orogen, Western Australia

Post-peak Evolution of the Muskoka Domain, Western Grenville Province: Ductile Detachment Zone in a Crustal-scale Metamorphic Core Complex

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