Evolution of Microexplosion Phenomenon in Parent–Child Droplets of Water in Biodiesel Emulsions Enhanced by Different Surfactant Dosages and Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance Values

Abstract

This experimental study endeavors to investigate the evolution of microexplosion phenomenon of water in biodiesel emulsion droplets with the base fuel (B5) containing 95% diesel and 5% of palm oil methyl ester (POME). Parameters such as water content varied from 9%, 12%, and 15%, surfactant dosages of 5%, 10%, and 15% and the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) values of 6, 7, 8, and 9 were varied to study its impact on microexplosion phenomenon. Three different sizes of emulsion droplets of approximately Ø2.8 mm, Ø2.2 mm, and Ø0.3 mm were visualized for the evolution of microexplosion phenomenon under the Leidenfrost effect using hot plate as a heat source. The evolution of microexplosion phenomenon of parent droplets, puffing behavior, and waiting time was visualized with high-resolution images. It was observed that the coalescence process was the dominating factor in inducing the microexplosion, and the coalescence process can either be advanced or be delayed by the surfactant dosage. The waiting time for the microexplosion was found to be influenced by the surfactant dosage and the droplet size. The rate of phase change of emulsions and puffing was found to be influenced by the surfactant dosage. By analyzing the postbehavior of the child droplets formed after the microexplosion of the parent droplet, it was observed that the child droplets undergo a series of puffing process and eventually microexplosion phenomenon also. The size of the parent droplets has a significant influence on the size of the child droplet.

New aspects of lipopeptide-incorporated nanoparticle synthesis and recent advancements in biomedical and environmental sciences: a review

“…Remarkably, the modification of HLB values in nanomaterials synthesis was implemented to boost the production of oil recovery and contact angle in water. 186 In the same year, Abdul Karim et al 187 observed and studied the micro-explosion occurrence of numerous size emulsion droplets through HLB values. The dosage of surfactants was mainly accountable on waiting time of this process.…”

Physical and Mathematical Models of Micro-Explosions: Achievements and Directions of Improvement

“…Active research is currently focused on parent droplets of water-based solutions, slurries, and emulsions, including microand nano-emulsions [9][10][11][12]. It involves different heating arrangements with dominant convective, conductive, radiative, and mixed heat transfers [13][14][15][16] to determine the critical conditions sufficient for the parent droplet breakup and the limitations to the use of these effects in various engineering systems.…”

Biodiesel from Crude Tall Oil and Its NOx and Aldehydes Emissions in a Diesel Engine Fueled by Biodiesel-Diesel Blends with Water Emulsions

“…Therefore, NO x reduction can be achieved either by absorption or as a result of lower combustion temperature. A normal water substitution to diesel emulsions ranges between 5% and 15% [14,15]. There is great enthusiasm for water-in-diesel emulsions due to the way that water, as micro-sized beads, results in favourable outcomes on fuel burning.…”

“…The above studies [16][17][18][19], as well as many others, focused on water in diesel emulsions and their emissions. The following studies presented water emulsification of binary fuels, B5 [14], B20 [15] and B40 [20]. In Reference [14], 5% palm oil methyl ester and 95% diesel were used with water content from 9-15% and surfactant dosages of 5-15%.…”

“…The following studies presented water emulsification of binary fuels, B5 [14], B20 [15] and B40 [20]. In Reference [14], 5% palm oil methyl ester and 95% diesel were used with water content from 9-15% and surfactant dosages of 5-15%. Senthil et al [15] conducted an experimental investigation of diesel engine emissions using B20 with various percentages of water content.…”