Evolution of Raindrop Size Distribution by Coalescence, Breakup, and Evaporation: Theory and Observations

Hu, Zaillang; Srivastava, R. C.

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<1761:eorsdb>2.0.co;2

Cited by 217 publications

(168 citation statements)

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“…The differences in microphysical processes from SW to NE monsoon during the descent of rainfall also play a crucial role in modifying the DSD. The DSD evolves into an equilibrium distribution under the influence of processes such as collision, coalescence and break-up, if the 0 • C isotherm level is sufficiently high (Hu and Srivastava, 1995;Atlas and Ulbrich, 2006). Therefore, if the height of melting level is different in these seasons, it may cause some differences in rain DSD at the surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in raindrop size distribution from southwest monsoon to northeast monsoon at Gadanki

Rao

Radhakrishna

Nakamura

et al. 2009

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Characteristics of raindrop size distribution (DSD) are studied during the southwest (SW) and northeast (NE) monsoon seasons using 4 1/2 years of DSD measurements made at Gadanki (13.5 • N, 79.2 • E) by an impact-type disdrometer. The observed DSD is found to be distinctly different in the NE monsoon from that of the SW monsoon. The stratified DSD (based on rain rate) shows more small drops and fewer bigger drops in the NE monsoon than in the SW monsoon, particularly in the low rain rate regime. This feature is not an anomalous one, rather observed consistently in all the years. The diurnal variation of DSD (in terms of mass-weighted mean diameter, D m ) plots in both monsoons show large values of D m in the evening hours. Several possible reasons, from instrumental problems to geophysical mechanisms, for the observed DSD differences are examined. The wind field and the range of D m values indicate that the DSDs in the SW and NE monsoons are continental and oceanic in nature, respectively. Further, high temperature and intense convective activity (vigorous updraughts) in the SW monsoon modify the DSD through evaporation, drop sorting, and collision-coalescence processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in raindrop size distribution from southwest monsoon to northeast monsoon at Gadanki

Rao

Radhakrishna

Nakamura

et al. 2009

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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“…4a). At high rain rates, an important issue is whether the DSDs have reached an equilibrium state where coalescence and breakup of raindrops are in near balance (e.g., Hu and Srivastava 1995). Under the equilibrium state, Dm is generally a constant value that is independent of the rain rate, and any increase in rain intensity is mainly due to an increase in NW (e.g., Bringi et al 2003).…”

Section: A Distributions Of Dm and Nwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution in the Meiyu Season Observed in Eastern China

Chen

Yang

2013

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

153

191

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Characteristics of raindrop size distribution (DSD) during the Meiyu season are studied using ground-based disdrometer measurements carried out in eastern China (Nanjing) from 2009 to 2011. The observational spectra are divided into convective and stratiform types. The results show that the histograms of the logarithm of the generalized intercept parameter (log10NW) and mass-weighted mean diameter of raindrops (Dm) are negatively and positively skewed, respectively, for both convective and stratiform rain. The absolute value of the skewness coefficient is higher for convective rain than for stratiform rain, in particular for the log10NW distribution. The mean log10NW and Dm values are 3.80 and 1.71 mm for convective rain and 3.45 and 1.30 mm for stratiform rain, respectively. The shape (μ)̶slope (Λ) relationship of the gamma distribution and the radar reflectivity (Z)̶rain rate (R) relationship are also derived for convective rain. The Z̶R relationship is found to be Z = 368R 1.21 . The interpretation of the statistical parameters obtained in this study and possible mechanisms that yield difference and similarity in comparison with those in previous studies are discussed.

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“…The value of µ for convective rainfall is higher than that for stratiform rainfall because the break-up mechanism would increase the number concentration of small raindrops. The number concentrations of mid-size raindrops increased due to the decrease in the number concentration of relatively large raindrops (Hu and Srivastava, 1995;Sauvageot and Lacaux, 1995). However, we observed a higher frequency of , (e) log 10 (LWC), (f) Z, (g) Z dr , (h) K dp , and (i) A h for the entire rainfall data set (solid black line), stratiform rainfall (solid green line), and convective rainfall (solid blue line).…”

Section: Classification Of Rainfall Types and Rainfall Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatological characteristics of raindrop size distributions in Busan, Republic of Korea

Suh

You²,

Lee

2016

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Raindrop size distribution (DSD) characteristics within the complex area of Busan, Republic of Korea (35.12 • N, 129.10 • E), were studied using a Precipitation Occurrence Sensor System (POSS) disdrometer over a 4-year period from 24 February 2001 to 24 December 2004. Also, to find the dominant characteristics of polarized radar parameters, which are differential radar reflectivity (Z dr ), specific differential phase (K dp ) and specific attenuation (A h ), Tmatrix scattering simulation was applied in the present study. To analyze the climatological DSD characteristics in more detail, the entire period of recorded rainfall was divided into 10 categories not only covering different temporal and spatial scales, but also different rainfall types. When only convective rainfall was considered, mean values of mass-weighted mean diameter (D m ) and normalized number concentration (N w ) values for all these categories converged around a maritime cluster, except for rainfall associated with typhoons. The convective rainfall of a typhoon showed much smaller D m and larger N w compared with the other rainfall categories.In terms of diurnal DSD variability, we analyzed maritime (continental) precipitation during the daytime (DT) (nighttime, NT), which likely results from sea (land) wind identified through wind direction analysis. These features also appeared in the seasonal diurnal distribution. The DT and NT probability density function (PDF) during the summer was similar to the PDF of the entire study period. However, the DT and NT PDF during the winter season displayed an inverse distribution due to seasonal differences in wind direction.

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Evolution of Raindrop Size Distribution by Coalescence, Breakup, and Evaporation: Theory and Observations

Cited by 217 publications

References 0 publications

Differences in raindrop size distribution from southwest monsoon to northeast monsoon at Gadanki

Differences in raindrop size distribution from southwest monsoon to northeast monsoon at Gadanki

Statistical Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution in the Meiyu Season Observed in Eastern China

Climatological characteristics of raindrop size distributions in Busan, Republic of Korea

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