Evolution of sex-specific pace-of-life syndromes: causes and consequences

Hämäläinen, Anni; Immonen, Elina; Tarka, Maja; Schuett, Wiebke

doi:10.1007/s00265-018-2466-x

Cited by 74 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Based on predictions in Hämäläinen et al (2018, topical collection on pace-of-life syndromes), we selected three moderators for which we have sufficient data available that might affect the strength and direction of sex differences in life history and physiological and behavioral traits. We categorized species into different breeding strategies (iteroparous or semelparous) and mating systems (monogamy, polygyny, or promiscuity—only one of the studies had a polyandrous system and was therefore excluded from all analyses).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, these predictions have not been supported across studies (Závorka et al 2015; Kim and Velando 2016). One explanation for this discrepancy might be that important systematic sources of variation, such as environment (Salzman et al 2018, topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes), ecology (Montiglio et al 2018, topical collection on pace-of-life syndromes), or age- and sex-specific variation (Hämäläinen et al 2018, Immonen et al 2018; both in topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes) have not often been considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assuming that physiological and behavioral traits are aligned with life-history traits on a general POL-continuum, we might predict sex-specific differences in the POL (i.e., sex-specific differences in trait means across all trait categories). Sex differences in POL may be an important driver generating individual-level variation in POLS (i.e., sex-specific trait correlations within populations; e.g., Hämäläinen et al 2018, Immonen et al 2018; both in topical collection on pace-of-life syndromes). Indeed, males and females of many species differ in their physiology (e.g., immunology, (Lee 2006; Restif and Amos 2010), metabolism (Nagy 1987; Blaxter 1989; Rønning et al 2016), hormone profiles (Nelson 2011), and behavior (Smith and Blumstein 2008; Schuett et al 2010), but the directionality of these differences within and across trait categories has not been formally tested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences in phenotypic variance might indicate past episodes of sex-specific selection or be the result of stronger condition dependence (e.g., in the sex with a faster growth rate or larger body size; Rowe and Houle 1996; Råberg et al 2005). Larger variances in one sex may also imply greater opportunities for sexual and natural selection which can facilitate the evolution of sex-specific POLS (Hämäläinen et al 2018, topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes). It has already been well established throughout the animal kingdom that males on average exhibit a higher variance in reproductive success (Janicke et al 2016); however, much less is known in other traits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex differences in life history, behavior, and physiology along a slow-fast continuum: a meta-analysis

Tarka

Guenther

Niemelä

et al. 2018

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis predicts that behavior and physiology covary with life history. Evidence for such covariation is contradictory, possibly because systematic sources of variation (e.g. sex) have been neglected. Sexes often experience different selection pressures leading to sex-specific allocation between reproduction and self-maintenance, facilitating divergence in life-history. Sex-specific differences in means and possibly variances may therefore play a key role in the POLS framework. We investigate whether sexes differ in means and variances along the fast-slow pace-of-life continuum for life history and physiological and behavioral traits. In addition, we test whether social and environmental characteristics such as breeding strategy, mating system, and study environment explain heterogeneity between the sexes. Using meta-analytic methods, we found that populations with a polygynous mating system or for studies conducted on wild populations, males had a faster pace-of-life for developmental life-history traits (e.g., growth rate), behavior, and physiology. In contrast, adult life-history traits (e.g., lifespan) were shifted towards faster pace-of-life in females, deviating from the other trait categories. Phenotypic variances were similar between the sexes across trait categories and were not affected by mating system or study environment. Breeding strategy did not influence sex differences in variances or means. We discuss our results in the light of sex-specific selection that might drive sex-specific differences in pace-of-life and ultimately POLS.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00265-018-2534-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex differences in life history, behavior, and physiology along a slow-fast continuum: a meta-analysis

Tarka

Guenther

Niemelä

et al. 2018

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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“…Drawing from sexual selection theory, Hämäläinen et al (2018), topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes developed a framework on what aspects of POLS might be sexspecific, based on which they suggest various ultimate mechanisms driving sex differences in mean trait expression and POLS-trait covariation and propose predictions on why and when we should expect to find sex-specific POLS. Immonen et al (2018), topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes outline potential mechanisms for the evolution of sex differences in POLS.…”

Section: Contributions To and Insights From The Topical Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pace-of-life syndromes: a framework for the adaptive integration of behaviour, physiology and life history

Dammhahn

Dingemanse

Niemelä

et al. 2018

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

237

268

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This introduction to the topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes: a framework for the adaptive integration of behaviour, physiology, and life history provides an overview of conceptual, theoretical, methodological, and empirical progress in research on pace-of-life syndromes (POLSs) over the last decade. The topical collection has two main goals. First, we briefly describe the history of POLS research and provide a refined definition of POLS that is applicable to various key levels of variation (genetic, individual, population, species). Second, we summarise the main lessons learned from current POLS research included in this topical collection. Based on an assessment of the current state of the theoretical foundations and the empirical support of the POLS hypothesis, we propose (i) conceptual refinements of theory, particularly with respect to the role of ecology in the evolution of (sexual dimorphism in) POLS, and (ii) methodological and statistical approaches to the study of POLS at all major levels of variation. This topical collection further holds (iii) key empirical examples demonstrating how POLS structures may be studied in wild populations of (non)human animals, and (iv) a modelling paper predicting POLS under various ecological conditions. Future POLS research will profit from the development of more explicit theoretical models and stringent empirical tests of model assumptions and predictions, increased focus on how ecology shapes (sex-specific) POLS structures at multiple hierarchical levels, and the usage of appropriate statistical tests and study designs. Significance statementAs an introduction to the topical collection, we summarise current conceptual, theoretical, methodological and empirical progress in research on pace-of-life syndromes (POLSs), a framework for the adaptive integration of behaviour, physiology and life history at multiple hierarchical levels of variation (genetic, individual, population, species). Mixed empirical support of POLSs, particularly at the within-species level, calls for an evaluation and refinement of the hypothesis. We provide a refined definition of POLSs facilitating testable predictions. Future research on POLSs will profit from the development of more explicit theoretical models and stringent empirical tests of model assumptions and predictions, increased focus on how ecology shapes (sex-specific) POLSs structures at multiple hierarchical levels and the usage of appropriate statistical tests and study designs.

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Is personality and its association with energetics sex‐specific in yellow‐necked mice Apodemus flavicollis?

Strijker,

Iwińska,

van der Zalm

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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For the last two decades, behavioral physiologists aimed to explain a plausible covariation between energetics and personality, predicted by the "pace-of-life syndrome" (POLS) hypothesis. However, the results of these attempts are mixed with no definitive answer as to which of the two most acknowledged models "performance" or "allocation" predicts covariation between consistent among-individual variation in metabolism and repeatable behavior (animal personality). The general conclusion is that the association between personality and energetics is rather context-dependent.Life-history, behavior, and physiology as well as its plausible covariation can be con-

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Evolution of sex-specific pace-of-life syndromes: causes and consequences

Cited by 74 publications

References 115 publications

Sex differences in life history, behavior, and physiology along a slow-fast continuum: a meta-analysis

Sex differences in life history, behavior, and physiology along a slow-fast continuum: a meta-analysis

Pace-of-life syndromes: a framework for the adaptive integration of behaviour, physiology and life history

Is personality and its association with energetics sex‐specific in yellow‐necked mice Apodemus flavicollis?

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