Sex differences in life history, behavior, and physiology along a slow-fast continuum: a meta-analysis

Tarka, Maja; Guenther, Anja; Niemelä, Petri T.; Nakagawa, Shinichi; Noble, Daniel W. A.

doi:10.1007/s00265-018-2534-2

Cited by 85 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Yet, in congruence with the results of a recent meta‐analysis (Tarka et al. ), we did not find any effects of sex on any of the examined traits. However, we note that the trait that we found to be correlated with life‐history was aggression, a trait that is rather sex‐specific in killifishes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Macroevolutionary evidence suggests trait‐dependent coevolution between behavior and life‐history

et al. 2019

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Species with fast life‐histories typically prioritize current over future reproductive events, compared to species with slow life‐histories. These species therefore require greater energetic input into reproduction, and also likely have less time to realize their reproductive potential. Hence, behaviors that increase access to both resources and mating opportunities, at a cost of increased mortality risk, could coevolve with the pace of life‐history. However, whether this prediction holds across species, remains untested under standardized conditions. Here, we test how risky behaviors, which facilitate access to resources and mating opportunities (i.e., activity, boldness, and aggression), along with metabolic rate, coevolve with the pace of life‐history across 20 species of killifish that present remarkable divergences in the pace of life‐history. We found a positive association between the pace of life‐history and aggression, but interestingly not with other behavioral traits or metabolic rate. Aggression is linked to interference competition, and in killifishes is often employed to secure mates, while activity and boldness are more relevant for exploiting energetic resources. Our results suggest that the trade‐off between current and future reproduction plays a more prominent role in shaping mating behavior, while behaviors related to energy acquisition may be influenced by ecological factors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Macroevolutionary evidence suggests trait‐dependent coevolution between behavior and life‐history

et al. 2019

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“…gradients of risks and resources) in their models and tests of POLS (Montiglio et al 2018, topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes; Salzman et al 2018, topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes; Tieleman 2018, topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes); (3) given the fundamental differences in life history between males and females, aspects of POLS should be sex-specific , topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes; Immonen et al 2018, topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes; Lehmann et al 2018, topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes; Tarka et al 2018, topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes); (4) POLS can be studied at different levels of variation, but "raw" phenotypic correlations between POLS traits (the prevailing level at which data are currently analysed: Royauté et al 2018, topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes) alone seem relatively uninformative; (5) empirical studies should test the fundamental assumptions first (i.e. the trade-offs between life-history traits indicative of current versus future reproduction), use relevant traits (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assessing and evaluating the current knowledge on the genetic basis of POLS-traits and their covariation, they discuss how a sex-specific genetic architecture might evolve and how hormonal and metabolic mechanisms might mediate sex differences proximately. In a meta-analysis of empirical studies, Tarka et al (2018), topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes found no general support for sex differences in mean and variances for POLS-related traits, but males tended to have a faster life history, particularly under wild conditions and in species with polygynous mating systems. Using data from a contemporary human population, Lehmann et al (2018), topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes showed that POLS relationships were similar for boys and girls, but that the sexes differed in the strength of trait associations.…”

Section: Contributions To and Insights From The Topical Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The topical collection of articles we present here includes (1) reviews (Mathot and Frankenhuis 2018, topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes; Montiglio et al 2018, topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes; Tieleman 2018, topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes) and meta-analyses of empirical literature (Royauté et al 2018, topical collection on Paceof-life syndromes; Tarka et al 2018, topical collection on Paceof-life syndromes) that draw a portrait of the current state of knowledge on the topic and propose conceptual advancements predicting the ecological conditions favouring POLSs, as well as sex-specific POLSs , topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes; Immonen et al 2018, topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes; Tarka et al 2018, topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes), (2) a novel simulation model predicting relationships between traits involved in POLSs under different environmental conditions (Salzman et al 2018, topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes), (3) novel statistical methodologies (Araya-Ajoy et al 2018, topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes), and (4) empirical quantifications of POLSs at multiple levels of biological organisation (Bengston in review; Delahaie et al 2018, topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes; Jablonszky et al 2018, topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes; Lehmann et al 2018, topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes; Sol et al 2018, topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes). Here, we briefly summarise the main conclusions that can be drawn from these contributions.…”

Section: Contributions To and Insights From The Topical Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pace-of-life syndromes: a framework for the adaptive integration of behaviour, physiology and life history

Dammhahn

Dingemanse

Niemelä

et al. 2018

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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237

268

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This introduction to the topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes: a framework for the adaptive integration of behaviour, physiology, and life history provides an overview of conceptual, theoretical, methodological, and empirical progress in research on pace-of-life syndromes (POLSs) over the last decade. The topical collection has two main goals. First, we briefly describe the history of POLS research and provide a refined definition of POLS that is applicable to various key levels of variation (genetic, individual, population, species). Second, we summarise the main lessons learned from current POLS research included in this topical collection. Based on an assessment of the current state of the theoretical foundations and the empirical support of the POLS hypothesis, we propose (i) conceptual refinements of theory, particularly with respect to the role of ecology in the evolution of (sexual dimorphism in) POLS, and (ii) methodological and statistical approaches to the study of POLS at all major levels of variation. This topical collection further holds (iii) key empirical examples demonstrating how POLS structures may be studied in wild populations of (non)human animals, and (iv) a modelling paper predicting POLS under various ecological conditions. Future POLS research will profit from the development of more explicit theoretical models and stringent empirical tests of model assumptions and predictions, increased focus on how ecology shapes (sex-specific) POLS structures at multiple hierarchical levels, and the usage of appropriate statistical tests and study designs. Significance statementAs an introduction to the topical collection, we summarise current conceptual, theoretical, methodological and empirical progress in research on pace-of-life syndromes (POLSs), a framework for the adaptive integration of behaviour, physiology and life history at multiple hierarchical levels of variation (genetic, individual, population, species). Mixed empirical support of POLSs, particularly at the within-species level, calls for an evaluation and refinement of the hypothesis. We provide a refined definition of POLSs facilitating testable predictions. Future research on POLSs will profit from the development of more explicit theoretical models and stringent empirical tests of model assumptions and predictions, increased focus on how ecology shapes (sex-specific) POLSs structures at multiple hierarchical levels and the usage of appropriate statistical tests and study designs.

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“…Adaptive theory predicts that aggressive, bold or explorative individuals trade‐off future for current reproduction, leading to a faster pace‐of‐life (Dammhahn et al, ; Mathot & Frankenhuis, ; Réale et al, ). Previous tests utilizing life span as a proxy for allocation to future reproduction failed to overall support pace‐of‐life syndrome (POLS) theory (meta‐analyses: Royaute et al, ; Tarka, Guenther, Niemelä, Nakagawa, & Noble, ). We identified here within‐individual patterns of age‐dependent reproduction, and potentially reproductive senescence, as key components of life history varying with individual risky behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual variation in age‐dependent reproduction: Fast explorers live fast but senesce young?

Dingemanse

Moiron

Araya‐Ajoy

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Adaptive integration of life history and behaviour is expected to result in variation in the pace‐of‐life. Previous work focused on whether ‘risky’ phenotypes live fast but die young, but reported conflicting support. We posit that individuals exhibiting risky phenotypes may alternatively invest heavily in early‐life reproduction but consequently suffer greater reproductive senescence. We used a 7‐year longitudinal dataset with >1,200 breeding records of >800 female great tits assayed annually for exploratory behaviour to test whether within‐individual age dependency of reproduction varied with exploratory behaviour. We controlled for biasing effects of selective (dis)appearance and within‐individual behavioural plasticity. Slower and faster explorers produced moderate‐sized clutches when young; faster explorers subsequently showed an increase in clutch size that diminished with age (with moderate support for declines when old), whereas slower explorers produced moderate‐sized clutches throughout their lives. There was some evidence that the same pattern characterized annual fledgling success, if so, unpredictable environmental effects diluted personality‐related differences in this downstream reproductive trait. Support for age‐related selective appearance was apparent, but only when failing to appreciate within‐individual plasticity in reproduction and behaviour. Our study identifies within‐individual age‐dependent reproduction, and reproductive senescence, as key components of life‐history strategies that vary between individuals differing in risky behaviour. Future research should thus incorporate age‐dependent reproduction in pace‐of‐life studies.

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Sex differences in life history, behavior, and physiology along a slow-fast continuum: a meta-analysis

Cited by 85 publications

References 106 publications

Macroevolutionary evidence suggests trait‐dependent coevolution between behavior and life‐history

Macroevolutionary evidence suggests trait‐dependent coevolution between behavior and life‐history

Pace-of-life syndromes: a framework for the adaptive integration of behaviour, physiology and life history

Individual variation in age‐dependent reproduction: Fast explorers live fast but senesce young?

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