Evolution of social relationships between first-year students at middle school: from cliques to circles

Escribano, Diego; Doldán-Martelli, Victoria; Lapuente, Francisco J.; Cuesta, José A.; Sánchez, Ángel

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-90984-z

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…We observed that for friendship relationship these values are closer to three ( Fig 1A ). Similar values are reported in other publications [ 25 ]. In the case of enmity relationships, we observed that Dunbar’s ratio was obtained for elementary schools.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In secondary, high school, and university networks, there was a lack of worst enmity relationship compared to elementary ones (see Table B in S1 Table ). This has been observed in secondary schools [ 25 ]. This phenomenon was not observed with friendships.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…In particular, friendship networks are also used to study phenomena such as leadership, rivalry, and academic performance among secondary schools students [ 23 ]. Also, there are publications where the temporal evolution of the social structure is studied [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modularity, balance, and frustration in student social networks: The role of negative relationships in communities

2022

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Signed networks provide information to study the structure and composition of relationships (positive and negative) among individuals in a complex system. Individuals, through different criteria, form groups or organizations called communities. Community structures are one of the important properties of social networks. In this work, we aim to analyze the perturbation of negative relationships in communities. We developed a methodology to obtain and analyze the optimal community partitions in nine school networks in the state of Yucatán, México. We implemented a technique based on the social balance theory in signed networks to complete negative missing links and further applied two methods of community detection: Newman’s and Louvain’s algorithms. We obtain values close to Dunbar’s ratio for both types of relationships, positive and negative. The concepts of balance and frustration were analyzed, and modularity was used to measure the perturbation of negative relationships in communities. We observe differences among communities of different academic degrees. Elementary school communities are unstable, i.e. significantly perturbed by negative relationships, in secondary school communities are semi-stable, and in high school and the university the communities are stable. The analyzes indicate that a greater number of negative links in the networks does not necessarily imply higher instability in the communities, but other social factors are also involved.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Modularity, balance, and frustration in student social networks: The role of negative relationships in communities

2022

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“…The data corresponding to one of the schools, also included in this work, were presented in full detail in ref. 41 . For each student, we collected the following:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triadic influence as a proxy for compatibility in social relationships

Ruiz-García

Ozaita

Pereda

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Networks of social interactions are the substrate upon which civilizations are built. Often, we create new bonds with people that we like or feel that our relationships are damaged through the intervention of third parties. Despite their importance and the huge impact that these processes have in our lives, quantitative scientific understanding of them is still in its infancy, mainly due to the difficulty of collecting large datasets of social networks including individual attributes. In this work, we present a thorough study of real social networks of 13 schools, with more than 3,000 students and 60,000 declared positive and negative relationships, including tests for personal traits of all the students. We introduce a metric—the “triadic influence”—that measures the influence of nearest neighbors in the relationships of their contacts. We use neural networks to predict the sign of the relationships in these social networks, extracting the probability that two students are friends or enemies depending on their personal attributes or the triadic influence. We alternatively use a high-dimensional embedding of the network structure to also predict the relationships. Remarkably, using the triadic influence (a simple one-dimensional metric) achieves the best accuracy, and adding the personal traits of the students does not improve the results, suggesting that the triadic influence acts as a proxy for the social compatibility of students. We postulate that the probabilities extracted from the neural networks—functions of the triadic influence and the personalities of the students—control the evolution of real social networks, opening an avenue for the quantitative study of these systems.

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“…Concerning how the 5Cs of PYD may be influenced in the school context, research ( Escribano et al, 2021 ) shows that the number of peer connections increases from the beginning to the end of the school year. More specifically, when early adolescents arrive at the upper secondary school, their relationships are at the beginning of the school year intense but with a smaller, limited number of peers, and by the end of their first year in upper-secondary school the structure had changed from fewer intense peer relationships to more peer relationships ( Escribano et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of the 5Cs of positive youth development in a school year: A 3-wave longitudinal study of Slovenian youth during the COVID-19 pandemic

Kozina

Wiium

2023

Front. Psychol.

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The paper analyses the longitudinal pathways for the 5Cs of positive youth development outcomes (Competence, Confidence, Character, Caring, Connection) in a school context during the COVID-19 pandemic. The theoretical framework for the paper is provided by the Positive youth development (PYD) perspective, which focuses on the importance of the interplay between individual characteristics and contexts. In the period of adolescence, school and its characteristics are one of the most influential contexts for the promotion of positive youth development. Therefore, the paper focused on the changes in the 5Cs in one school year using the methodology of longitudinal research (latent growth modeling) with three measurement points (beginning of the school year, middle of the school year, and the end of the school year). We used a sample of Slovenian youth (N = 1241 participants; 59,5% female; Mage = 15.35, SD = 1.21) who participated in the PYD-SI-MODEL study and responded to the PYD questionnaire during the current COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, we tested whether the development of the 5Cs in a school year differed by gender, age, and school level (lower-secondary, upper-secondary). The results indicated a significant decrease in Connection, Caring, and Character from the beginning to the end of the school year and an increase in Competence and Confidence in the same period. Significant intercept-slope interactions were detected in Confidence and Connection indicating that their higher initial level is associated with a more stable trajectory throughout the school year. In addition, we found that gender and school level play a significant role in several of the pathways while age was not a significant covariate with any of the Cs. The study is the first to test 5Cs pathways in one school year, using Slovenian data. In addition to the important role of contexts on positive developmental outcomes, the study highlights the significance of 5Cs promotion in pandemic times as much as in more stable times.

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Evolution of social relationships between first-year students at middle school: from cliques to circles

Cited by 7 publications

References 45 publications

Modularity, balance, and frustration in student social networks: The role of negative relationships in communities

Modularity, balance, and frustration in student social networks: The role of negative relationships in communities

Triadic influence as a proxy for compatibility in social relationships

The development of the 5Cs of positive youth development in a school year: A 3-wave longitudinal study of Slovenian youth during the COVID-19 pandemic

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