2000
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.18.8243-8251.2000
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Evolution of Swine H3N2 Influenza Viruses in the United States

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Cited by 333 publications
(285 citation statements)
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“…The classical SIV (cH1N1), which is similar to the human 1918 pandemic virus, remained antigenic and genetically conserved in the United States until the introduction of an H3N2 virus in 1998 5. The cocirculation of cH1N1 and the H3N2 virus led to reassortment and resulted in the introduction of the reassorted H3N2, H1N1,6 and H1N2 subtypes 7. Reassortant viruses currently endemic in North American swine have combinations of different HA and NA genes with a triple‐reassortant internal gene (TRIG) cassette formed by the human lineage PB1 gene, the avian lineage PA and PB2 genes, and the classical swine lineage M, NP, and NS genes 5.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The classical SIV (cH1N1), which is similar to the human 1918 pandemic virus, remained antigenic and genetically conserved in the United States until the introduction of an H3N2 virus in 1998 5. The cocirculation of cH1N1 and the H3N2 virus led to reassortment and resulted in the introduction of the reassorted H3N2, H1N1,6 and H1N2 subtypes 7. Reassortant viruses currently endemic in North American swine have combinations of different HA and NA genes with a triple‐reassortant internal gene (TRIG) cassette formed by the human lineage PB1 gene, the avian lineage PA and PB2 genes, and the classical swine lineage M, NP, and NS genes 5.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Two of these isolates were from individuals that had documented exposure to swine and were infected by ''triple reassortant'' viruses containing human PB1, avian PB2 and PA, and classic swine NP, similar to the 2009 A(H1N1 viruses) (22,23). The SR polymorphism is more prevalent in pigs, present in Ͼ20% of the sequenced isolates, but only appears after the establishment of the triple reassortant swine viruses that emerged in 1998-1999 (24,25). For all isolates, the SR polymorphism occurs only when there is also the E627 variant.…”
Section: Srmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The initial North Carolina isolate (double reassortant) contained gene segments similar to those of the human (HA, NA, PB1) and classical-swine (NS, NP, M, PB2, PA) lineages, whereas the isolates from Minnesota, Iowa, and Texas (triple reassortant) contained genes from the human (HA, NA, PB1), swine (NS, NP, M), and avian (PB2, PA) lineages (Zhou et al, 1999). By the end of 1999 viruses antigenically and genetically related to the triple reassortant lineage were widespread in the US swine population Webby et al, 2000).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%