Evolution of the Light-Duty Vehicle Fleet

Abstract

With environmental degradation and energy security as serious concerns, it is important to anticipate how vehicle ownership and usage patterns can change under different policies and contexts. This work ascertains the acquisition, disposal, and use patterns of personal vehicles of a synthetic population over time and relies on microsimulation to anticipate fleet composition, usage, and greenhouse gas emissions under different settings. Twenty-five-year simulations predict the highest market share for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), hybrid electric vehicles, and smart cars and the greatest reductions in carbon emissions under an increased gasoline price ($7/gal). Results under a “feebate” policy scenario (where fees apply to low-fuel-economy vehicles, and rebates rise with fuel economies above a threshold) indicated a shift toward fuel-efficient vehicles but with vehicle miles traveled (VMT) rising, thanks to lower driving costs. Excepting the low PHEV price and feebate policy simulations, all other scenarios predicted a lower fleet VMT value. The high-density scenario (job and household densities quadrupled) resulted in the lowest vehicle ownership levels and lower VMT values and emissions. The low-PHEV-price scenario resulted in higher shares of PHEVs but negligible impacts from greenhouse gas emissions. Adoption and widespread use of plug-in vehicles will depend on marketing, competitive pricing, government incentives, reliable driving-range reports, and charging infrastructure. Though just 29% of survey respondents stated support for a (specific) feebate policy, 35% indicated an interest in purchasing a PHEV if it cost just $6,000 more than its gasoline counterpart.

Demand for environmentally friendly vehicles: A review and new evidence

“…In relation to vehicle size and type, Choo & Mokhtarian (2004) considered luxury cars, sport vehicles and minivans, while Adler et al (2003); Axsen et al (2009) and Paul et al (2011) established an ample range of alternative sizes and typologies. McCarthy & Tay (1998) also considered the brand, length of the vehicle and presence of airbags as further explanatory variables.…”

“…Methods proposed to treat heterogeneity are diverse. One of the most widely applied is the introduction of factors that describe the choice context and may have an influence on the final decision (Brownstone et al, 1996;McCarthy and Tay, 1998;Musti and Kockelman, 2011;Paul et al, 2011). These can be socioeconomic variables, personality and lifestyle characteristics or mobility aspects (Choo and Mokhtarian, 2004), travel patterns (Ewing and Sarigöllü, 1998) and economic and cultural circumstances, as highlighted by Tanaka et al (2014) in the comparison of several US states with Japan.…”