“…In the case of models and standards of processes, these have been studied individually (Gray, 1996;Garcia, 1998;Humphrey, 1998;Arnold & Lawson, 2004;Curtis, Phillips, & Weszka, 2001;Menezes, 2002) and comparatively (Sheard & Lake, 1998;Johnson & Dindo, 1998;Wright, 1998;Paulk, 1995Paulk, , 1998Paulk, , 1999Halvorsen & Conrado, 2000;Minnich, 2002;Boehm & Vasili, 2005). While both kinds of studies on standards and models of processes have been useful to describe the main categories of processes, contrast directly two or more schemes, identify their focus of application, strengths and weaknesses, similarities and differences, and their fitness with a particular SE or SwE development approach, all of them have not used a normative-generic systemic model of a worldwide organization to estimate their process completeness and process balance constructs, neither to estimate their inherent business process understanding complexity in practitioners.…”