Evolving Insights Into the Biological Function and Clinical Significance of Long Noncoding RNA in Glioblastoma

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most prevalent and aggressive cancers worldwide. The overall survival period of GBM patients is only 15 months even with standard combination therapy. The absence of validated biomarkers for early diagnosis mainly accounts for worse clinical outcomes of GBM patients. Thus, there is an urgent requirement to characterize more biomarkers for the early diagnosis of GBM patients. In addition, the detailed molecular basis during GBM pathogenesis and oncogenesis is not fully understood, highlighting that it is of great significance to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of GBM initiation and development. Recently, accumulated pieces of evidence have revealed the central roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the tumorigenesis and progression of GBM by binding with DNA, RNA, or protein. Targeting those oncogenic lncRNAs in GBM may be promising to develop more effective therapeutics. Furthermore, a better understanding of the biological function and underlying molecular basis of dysregulated lncRNAs in GBM initiation and development will offer new insights into GBM early diagnosis and develop novel treatments for GBM patients. Herein, this review builds on previous studies to summarize the dysregulated lncRNAs in GBM and their unique biological functions during GBM tumorigenesis and progression. In addition, new insights and challenges of lncRNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic potentials for GBM patients were also introduced.

LncBIRC3-OT promotes the malignant progression of glioma by interacting with RELA to upregulate stanniocalcin-1 expression

“…Due to their structural diversity, lncRNAs can interact with miRNAs, RNAs, or proteins to regulate downstream genes and signaling pathways [ 32 ]. Here, we confirmed that lncBIRC3-OT had a high affinity for RELA by RNA pull-down assay followed by LC-MS and Western blot.…”

lncRNA NEAT1/miR‐495‐3p regulates angiogenesis in burn sepsis through the TGF‐β1 and SMAD signaling pathways

“…According to the complete genomic transcript, the percentage of lncRNAs is markedly higher than that of coding RNAs. lncRNAs were originally regarded as transcriptional noise, but subsequently, studies have shown that lncRNAs participate in various biological activities by interacting with DNA, RNA, and proteins through several mechanisms, such as genomic imprinting, chromosome modification, and telomere maintenance 8,9 . They are also associated with various human diseases, including tumors 10,11 .…”

“…lncRNAs were originally regarded as transcriptional noise, but subsequently, studies have shown that lncRNAs participate in various biological activities by interacting with DNA, RNA, and proteins through several mechanisms, such as genomic imprinting, chromosome modification, and telomere maintenance. 8 , 9 They are also associated with various human diseases, including tumors. 10 , 11 Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) is an lncRNA with high expression in many diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.…”

GALNT2 sustains glioma stem cells by promoting CD44 expression

“…Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most prevalent and lethal solid tumors with an abysmal prognosis [ 1 ]. Despite recent advances in treating GBM, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, the median survival time of GBM patients remains at only 15 months [ 2 , 3 ]. The worse prognosis and subsequent tumor relapse of GBM could be partially attributed to the tumorigenic potential of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs).…”