“…Positive outcomes have been found for young children across samples of varying risk level, including those with and without disabilities, and across different socio-economic backgrounds, including those from low and middle-income countries (Rhoad-Drogalis et al, 2018;Chen and Wolf, 2021;Goldberg and Iruka, 2022). Studies around the world (e.g., Europe, China, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ghana, Greece, Latin America and the Caribbean, Kenya, Turkey, and the United States) have reported these associations using both crosssectional and longitudinal study designs (e.g., Lazzari et al, 2013;Yoshikawa et al, 2015;Gregoriadis et al, 2016;Kagan et al, 2016;Mungai et al, 2017;Soliday Hong and Udommana, 2018;Acar et al, 2019;Bernal et al, 2019;Ponguta et al, 2019;Rosa and Menezes, 2019;Wolf et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020;Önder et al, 2020;Hu et al, 2021;Yang et al, 2021;Bartholo et al, 2022). Positive associations between ECEC quality and children's learning and development have also been found across developmental stages and educational settings, including childcare centers and kindergartens (Liu et al, 2020).…”