“…Although research has been conducted on many issues related to academic optimism, more research is needed to better understand teacher academic optimism and develop academic optimism theory in schools (Hoy et al, 2006;Hoy & Miskel, 2012). Academic optimism is associated with student achievement, and research has been conducted on many issues related to academic optimism, such as student academic success, professional commitment, factors that contribute to school development, distributed leadership, organizational climate, teachers' academic optimism, social justice leadership, and bureaucratic structure (Ateş & Ünal, 2021;Bevel & Mitchell, 2012;Boonen et al, 2014;Straková et al, 2018;Kurz, 2006;Best, 2014;Cansoy & Parlar, 2018;Kılınç, 2013;Reeves, 2010;Feng & Chen, 2019;Özdemir & Kılınç, 2014). Therefore, determining the characteristics of schools that affect teachers' academic optimism can help us understand why academic optimism differs between schools, determine causal relationships between academic achievement and academic optimism, and find ways to improve teachers' academic optimism.…”