“…The literature argues that derivatives markets should lead the price discovery relative to cash markets because they allow informed traders to get more leverage and trade at lower costs (see, among others, Kawaller, Koch and Kock, 1987;Stoll and Whaley, 1990;Fleming, Ostdiek and Whaley, 1996). 2 However, it is not clear whether futures markets offer lower trading costs than ETF platforms (Wermers and Xue, 2015;Aldrich and Lee, 2016;Ben-David, Franzoni and Moussawi, 2017).…”