Exclusive and Non-Exclusive Breastfeeding among Stunted and Normal 6–9 Month-Old-Children in Jatinangor Subdistrict, Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Stunting has become a public health problem in Indonesia, with the prevalence of stunting is 37.2% nationally and 25.6% in West Java. One of the causes of stunting is malnutrition that may occur because of not giving exclusive breastfeeding on the first 1000 days of life (FDL). The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was difference between exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding among stunted and normal 6-9 month-old-children. Methods: This study was conducted using a cross-sectional analytic study during August-October 2018 with consecutive sampling method. This study involved 110 pairs of mothers and children aged 6-9 months who resided in villages which were within the work area of Jatinangor Public Health Center. Nutritional status was determined based on length-forage z score according to WHO. The type of breastfeeding was known based on the questionnaire. Data was analyzed by chi square test. Result: There were 60 of 110 children (54.5%) who did not receive exclusive breastfeeding. The incidence of stunting in children was 12.7% (14 of 110), of whom 10 children had no exclusive breastfeeding (p>0.05). Conclusions: Although the incidence of stunting is higher in non-exclusive breastfeeding group, there is no difference in the proportion of stunting in children aged 6-9 months between those who are exclusively breastfed and those who are not, however, exclusive breastfeeding is encouraged.

Kecukupan Energi Dan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (Imd) Terhadap Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Usia 6 – 23 Bulan

“…Karakteristik Balita usia 6-23 bulan di Jawa Tengah berdasarkan hasil Pemantauan Status Gizi tahun 2017, seperti ditunjukkan pada tabel 1. (Rusmil, Prahastuti, Erlangga Luftimas, & Hafsah, 2019) Asupan energi balita usia 6-23 bulan di Jawa Tengah tahun 2017 bila dibandingkan dengan AKG, memiliki rata rata angka kecukupan 79%, dengan angka terendah 44 % dan tertinggi 236%. Angka kecukupan energi ini merupakan indikasi bahwa di Jawa tengah Balita usia 6-23 bulan berpotensi mengalami stunting dan juga berpotensi terjadi obesitas.…”

“…Hal ini bisa dipengaruhi oleh kualitas dan kuantitas ASI yang memberikan hasil yang berbeda terhadap stunting. (Rusmil et al, 2019)s…”

Failure of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Inadequate Frequency of Complementary Feeding as Predictors of Stunting

“…Tumbuh kembang selama masa bayi membutuhkan nutrisi yang seimbang, karena sistem usus balita masih dalam proses pematangan. Studi sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa kejadian stunting lebih tinggi pada kelompok non-ASI eksklusif [18]. ASI mengandung banyak faktor yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi bayi sesuai dengan usianya [19].…”

“…Anak yang tidak diberi ASI eksklusif berpotensi 5,17 kali lipat lebih besar mengalami stunting dibandingkan anak yang mendapatkan ASI eksklusif (Tabel 2). Hal tersebut sejalan dengan penelitian lainnya yang menyebutkan bahwa anak dengan pola menyusui non ASI eksklusif mempunyai peluang lebih tinggi menjadi stunting dibandingkan ASI eksklusif [25,26], bahkan bayi yang tidak diberi ASI eksklusif secara langsung dapat memengaruhi kejadian stunting [27], proporsi stunting lebih banyak pada bayi usia 6-9 bulan yang non-ASI eksklusif [18], dan anak usia 2-5 tahun berpotensi stuting jika gagal diberi ASI eksklusif [28].…”

“…Nutritional status is calculated using height/age. Multivariate analysis by multiple logistical regression test revealed statistically significant correlations between stunting and non-exclusive breastfeeding (adjusted OR for exclusive breastfeeding 5,17; 95% CI 1,87 to 14,31) as well as inadequate frequency of complementary feeding (adjusted OR 3,85; 95% CI 1,32 to 11,18). This value implies that exclusive breastfeeding and adequate frequency of complementary feeding are the most dominant protecting factors against stunting.…”