Exclusively Breast-Fed Healthy Infants Grow Slower than Reference Infants

Salmenperä, L; Perheentupa, Jaakko; Siimes, Martti A.

doi:10.1203/00006450-198503000-00011

Cited by 149 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For example, in Finland, Salmenpera and colleagues, whilst recognising that the majority of exclusively breast-fed infants thrived on exclusive breast-feeding until 9 ± 12 months of age, also acknowledged that prolonged exclusive breast-feeding may have carried a risk of nutritional de®ciency in a small proportion of infants (Salmenpera et al, 1985). Similar ®ndings are reported by Armar-Klemesu et al (1991), Piwoz et al (1996), Simondon and Simondon (1995), Zumrawi et al (1987), Whitehead et al (1986), Agras et al (1990) and Krebs et al (1994).…”

Section: Povertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review concerning the age of introduction of complementary foods to the healthy full-term infant

et al. 2001

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Section: Povertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review concerning the age of introduction of complementary foods to the healthy full-term infant

et al. 2001

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“…Third, higher energy and protein intakes 30 in bottle-fed compared with breast-fed infants may stimulate insulin secretion [31][32][33] and promote insulin resistance 34 that persists into adolescence 35 and adulthood. 10 Insulin resistance may, in turn, raise blood pressure via stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, increased renal sodium retention, modulation of cation transport, and smooth muscle hypertrophy.…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Breast-Feeding in Infancy Lower Blood Pressure in Childhood?

et al. 2004

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for the ALSPAC Study TeamBackground-Breast-feeding in infancy has been associated with decreased coronary heart disease mortality, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the association of breast-feeding with blood pressure in a contemporary cohort. Methods and Results-In a prospective cohort study (ALSPAC, United Kingdom), a total of 7276 singleton, term infants born in 1991 and 1992 were examined at 7.5 years. Complete data were available for 4763 children. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures of breast-fed children were 1.2 mm Hg lower (95% CI, 0.5 to 1.9) and 0.9 mm Hg lower (0.3 to 1.4), respectively, compared with children who were never breast-fed (models controlled for age, sex, room temperature, and field observer). Blood pressure differences were attenuated but remained statistically significant in fully adjusted models controlling for social, economic, maternal, and anthropometric variables (reduction in systolic blood pressure: 0.8 mm Hg [0.1 to 1.5]; reduction in diastolic blood pressure: 0.6 mm Hg [0.1 to 1.0]). Blood pressure differences were similar whether breast-feeding was partial or exclusive. We examined the effect of breast-feeding duration.In fully adjusted models, there was a 0.2-mm Hg reduction (0.0 to 0.3) in systolic pressure for each 3 months of breast-feeding. Conclusions-Breast-feeding is associated with a lowering of later blood pressure in children born at term. If the association is causal, the wider promotion of breast-feeding is a potential component of the public health strategy to reduce population levels of blood pressure.

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“…Большинство исследований указывает на высокие риски развития нутритивной недостаточности у детей при длительном ИГВ [5][6][7][8]. Так, L. Salmenpera и соавт.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…при вве-дении прикорма после 6 мес жизни выявили более низкую скорость роста в период 6-9 мес по сравнению с детьми на грудном вскармливании, которые начали получать про-дукты прикорма в первом полугодии жизни. Авторы пред-положили, что задержка роста могла быть связана с недо-статочным потреблением энергии и некоторых нутриентов [5]. Кроме того, известно, что у детей, находившихся на ИГВ до 6 мес и более, по сравнению со сверстниками, прикорм которым вводили с 3-4 мес жизни, отмечаются низкие показатели уровней сывороточного железа и ферритина (свидетельство дефицита железа), а также замедление темпов роста, одной из причин которого является дефицит в рационе питания цинка [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified