Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants. Effect of microbial nucleic acid infusion on purine derivative excretion by steers

Verbič, J.; Chen, X. B.; MacLeod, N. A.; Ørskov, E. R.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600072610

Cited by 344 publications

(326 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The urinary recovery of PD in lactating goats was in the range observed in cattle 0.75 to 0.8 (Orellana-Boero et al, 2001;Verbic et al, 1990) sheep, (0.7 to 0.8; Balcells et al, 1991;Chen et al, 1990) and camels (0.72; Guerouali et al, 2004), but was higher than the recovery in buffaloes (0.11, Pimpa et al, 2003).…”

Section: Duodenal Input and Urinary Outputmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Modelling purine derivative excretion in dairy goats: endogenous excretion and the relationship between duodenal input and urinary output

Mota¹,

Balcells²,

Baber

et al. 2008

Animal

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To determine the endogenous contribution of purine derivatives (PD) to renal excretion and the urinary recovery of duodenal purine bases (PB), five dairy Granadina goats (initial weight 6 s.e.: 38.6 6 2.78 kg) were each fitted with a duodenal infusion catheter. Animals were offered ad libitum a mixed diet (75 : 25; alfalfa hay : concentrate), which was supplied in equal portions every 3 h. To label microbial PB, ( 15 NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 was added to the concentrate. The lower enrichment of urinary PD ( 15 N-allantoin) compared with duodenal PB enrichment confirmed the presence of an endogenous PD fraction (268.5 6 21.98 mmol/kg weight 0.75 or 0.386 of the total PD excretion). The recovery of PD in urine and milk increased linearly in response to increasing amounts of duodenally infused RNA (starting on day 21 after parturition). On average, 0.74 of infused PB from RNA was recovered in urine. Milk PD constituted a minor (,0.01) fraction of the total PD excretion and this fraction decreased as the amount of infused PB increased. Our findings indicate that lactation in goats did not affect the urinary recovery of duodenal PB but increased the endogenous contribution to urinary excretion of PD.

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Section: Duodenal Input and Urinary Outputmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Cattle also have greater endogenous excretion of PD in the urine (Verbic et al, 1990). In addition, the physiological and nutritional status, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling purine derivative excretion in dairy goats: endogenous excretion and the relationship between duodenal input and urinary output

Mota¹,

Balcells²,

Baber

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…The excretion of total purines (PT) was estimated by the sum of the quantities of allantoin and uric acid excreted in the urine and allantoin in milk. The amount of microbial purines absorbed (PA) (mmol day -1 ) was estimated from the excretion of PT (mmol day -1 ) by means of the equation proposed by Verbic et al (1990). The intestinal microbial nitrogen flow (g MN day -1 ) was estimated from the amount of purines absorbed (mmol day -1 ), according to Chen and Gomes (1992).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of dried waste of cassava starch extraction for feeding lactating cows

Fernandes

Zambom

Castagnara

et al. 2015

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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The aim of this study was to determine the best level of utilization of dried waste of cassava starch extraction (WCSEd) as a substitute for corn for lactating cows. Four lactating cows were fed diets with increasing levels (0%, 33%, 66% and 100%) of WCSEd as a substitute for corn. The intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, milk production and composition, blood parameters of glucose and urea and microbial synthesis of the diets were evaluated. There was a reduction in dry matter intake, organic matter, ether extract and total carbohydrate, and increased intake of acid detergent fiber. Nutrient digestibility was not affected while the synthesis of microbial protein increased. These changes resulted in reduced milk production, without altering the efficiency of production or the constituents of milk, with a decreasing effect on daily production of lactose, solids and minerals. Metabolic parameters, glucose and urea nitrogen in plasma, remained within appropriate levels. The dried residue from the extraction of cassava starch can be used as feed for dairy cows to replace up to 100% of the corn ration. However, its use promotes a reduction in intake of dry matter and nutrients as well as a reduction in the production of milk, with impacts on the profitability of the product.

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“…As a result, of all PD, allantoin-N is present in highest amounts (0.27 to 1.5 g/l), followed by uric acid-N (0.03 to 0.18 g/l) and xanthine-N and hypoxanthine-N (together 0.03 to 0.09 g/l; Table 1). Urinary PD excretion has been used as a non-invasive method to estimate duodenal microbial N flow (Verbic et al, 1990). The duodenal flow of nucleic acids and their derivatives is mainly of rumen microbial origin, and after absorption and intermediary metabolism are excreted in urine.…”

Section: Urea In Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

Diet effects on urine composition of cattle and N2O emissions

Dijkstra

Oenema

Groenigen

et al. 2013

Animal

311

215

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Ruminant production contributes to emissions of nitrogen (N) to the environment, principally ammonia (NH 3 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and di-nitrogen (N 2 ) to air, nitrate (NO 3 2 ) to groundwater and particulate N to surface waters. Variation in dietary N intake will particularly affect excretion of urinary N, which is much more vulnerable to losses than is faecal N. Our objective is to review dietary effects on the level and form of N excreted in cattle urine, as well as its consequences for emissions of N 2 O. The quantity of N excreted in urine varies widely. Urinary N excretion, in particular that of urea N, is decreased upon reduction of dietary N intake or an increase in the supply of energy to the rumen microorganisms and to the host animal itself. Most of the N in urine (from 50% to well over 90%) is present in the form of urea. Other nitrogenous components include purine derivatives (PD), hippuric acid, creatine and creatinine. Excretion of PD is related to rumen microbial protein synthesis, and that of hippuric acid to dietary concentration of degradable phenolic acids. The N concentration of cattle urine ranges from 3 to 20 g/l. High-dietary mineral levels increase urine volume and lead to reduced urinary N concentration as well as reduced urea concentration in plasma and milk. In lactating dairy cattle, variation in urine volume affects the relationship between milk urea and urinary N excretion, which hampers the use of milk urea as an accurate indicator of urinary N excretion. Following its deposition in pastures or in animal houses, ubiquitous microorganisms in soil and waters transform urinary N components into ammonium (NH 4 1 ), and thereafter into NO 3 2 and ultimately in N 2 accompanied with the release of N 2 O. Urinary hippuric acid, creatine and creatinine decompose more slowly than urea. Hippuric acid may act as a natural inhibitor of N 2 O emissions, but inhibition conditions have not been defined properly yet. Environmental and soil conditions at the site of urine deposition or manure application strongly influence N 2 O release. Major dietary strategies to mitigating N 2 O emission from cattle operations include reducing dietary N content or increasing energy content, and increasing dietary mineral content to increase urine volume. For further reduction of N 2 O emission, an integrated animal nutrition and excreta management approach is required.Keywords: nitrogen, urine, cattle, nitrous oxide, mitigation ImplicationsCattle contribute to global warming through emission of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) from urine and faeces. Urinary nitrogen (N) is much more susceptible to gaseous losses than faecal N. To reduce urinary N excretion and N 2 O emission and improve N efficiency of cattle, dietary levels of N should be decreased and an optimal balance between N and energy substrates in the diet should be aimed at. Increasing urine volume by increased dietary mineral contents appears a promising N 2 O mitigation strategy, particularly in pasture. Further reduction of effective mitigation strategies...

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Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants. Effect of microbial nucleic acid infusion on purine derivative excretion by steers

Cited by 344 publications

References 14 publications

Modelling purine derivative excretion in dairy goats: endogenous excretion and the relationship between duodenal input and urinary output

Modelling purine derivative excretion in dairy goats: endogenous excretion and the relationship between duodenal input and urinary output

Use of dried waste of cassava starch extraction for feeding lactating cows

Diet effects on urine composition of cattle and N2O emissions

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