Executive function, attention, and memory deficits in antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy

Baliousis, Michael; Duggan, Conor; McCarthy, Lucy; Huband, Nick; Völlm, Birgit

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.05.046

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…ASPD was associated with difficulties in attention, executive functions (WM and SC). The deficits noted in visual search, inhibitory control, response reversal, and WM are very defined in patients with ASPD, those appeared pronounced in ASPD relative to patients with other personality disorders (Baliousis et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This mental illness and psychopathy attempt to represent individuals demonstrating sensitivity and disregard for others. ASPD has been criticized for capturing a heterogeneous population while missing the essence of the diagnosis by neglecting interpersonal/affective deficits, which includes measures of psychopathy (Baliousis et al, 2019). Impulsivity impacts multiple life domains and is related to criminal and problematic behaviors.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impulsivity and aggression are often associated with psychiatric issues. Personality disorders are related to worse prognosis, increased relapse, and damage to relationships (Baliousis et al, 2019). Antisocial behavior can be processed in many ways, such as aggressive behavior, illegal or deviant behavior, or clinical disorders such as ASPD and related constructs like psychopathy (Ogilvie et al, 2011).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intellectual Quotient and Social Cognition in Young Offenders: A Relational Analysis

Quintero-López¹,

Gil-Vera²,

Velez-Vásquez³

et al. 2020

MAS

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Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) showed a broad executive function, as well as visual short-term, working memory (WM), and attention deficits. The inhibitory control and WM deficits may distinguish ASPD from other personality disorders. People with ASPD structure have deficiencies in the maturation of the prefrontal cortex which is evident in various neurocognitive problems, mainly in WM and social cognition (SC). In Colombia there is a high incidence of ASPD in young offenders, which makes the process of rehabilitation and resocialization more difficult. The aim of this paper was to develop a structural equation model (SEM) to identify the relationship between SC and intellectual quotient (IQ) in offenders with ASPD and make a comparative analysis by gender. A representative sample of 120 offenders was used (60 men and 60 women) of a Specialized Attention Center (SAC) in Medellin, Colombia. This paper concludes that there is a higher correlation between SC and IQ in women offenders with ASPD (σxy = 0.62) than in male offenders with ASPD (σxy = 0.54). Epidemiologists suggest that women have a high prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders, which can be explained by internalized behavioral management. In general, men show a higher prevalence of disorders associated with impulse control through externalizing behavioral management. This shows that ASPD has been studied more in men and that ASPD profiles in women are lacking due to its low prevalence. Based on the results of the model developed, a neurocognitive profile of men and women with ASPD is presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Intellectual Quotient and Social Cognition in Young Offenders: A Relational Analysis

Quintero-López¹,

Gil-Vera²,

Velez-Vásquez³

et al. 2020

MAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Modernamente, é possível dizer que as características que balizam o diagnóstico do Transtorno de Personalidade Antissocial estão intimamente relacionadas a problemas no papel regulador que as emoções realizam no processo decisório e no sistema motivacional humano (BALIOUSIS et al, 2019;MARSDEN et al, 2019). Então, futuramente, veremos diversos questionamentos à classificação atual, levando o debate ao território das psicopatologias das emoções.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Aptos Para Serem Antiéticos: A Psicopatia Funcional Nas Organizações

Pires¹

2022

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Neste artigo, realizamos uma análise teórica sobre como a pessoa com características similares às do Transtorno de Personalidade Antissocial (TPAS) possui aptidões para atuar numa sociedade que prioriza os valores do individualismo e da ganância. Mostramos que a capacidade para adotar comportamentos antiéticos pode ser determinante para que essas pessoas transpareçam como profissionais corajosos, assertivos, capazes e realizadores. Tais indivíduos são conhecidos como psicopatas funcionais. Sob o ponto de vista psicológico, uma grande parte dos indicadores relacionados à psicopatia funcional parecem estar associados a alterações na função reguladora que as emoções exercem sobre o processo decisório humano. A psicopatia funcional representa um desafio para os gestores organizacionais e para as equipes das seções de recursos humanos. Ademais, os processos avaliativos, baseados apenas nos resultados obtidos, mostram-se pouco sensíveis para diferenciar entre: (1) falta de empatia e coragem; (2) egoísmo e zelo; e (3) manipulação e liderança. Então, esses perversos indivíduos estão ao nosso redor e, mantida a orientação cultural das empresas para o individualismo e para a ganância, provavelmente vieram para ficar.

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“…Only two studies in this review investigated the relationship between EF and psychiatric diagnoses in children with epilepsy, while this relationship is confirmed in other patient groups [149,150]. These two studies seem to suggest that EF problems are associated with psychiatric comorbidities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Epilepsy out of control: when frontal lobe epilepsy becomes more than seizures

Berg

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IntroductionAs children with epilepsy may have a number of learning and behavioral problems, it is important that insight into the underlying neurocognitive differences in these children, which may underlie these areas of challenge is gained. Executive function (EF) problems particularly are associated with specific learning abilities as well as behavioral problems. We aim to review systematically the current status of empirical studies on the association between EF problems and behavior and socioemotional problems in children with epilepsy. MethodsStudies were identified using Pubmed and Web of Science, whilst following the PRISMA guidelines. All studies were assessed for methodological quality and results were summarized descriptively. ResultsAfter search, 26 empirical studies were identified, most of them of moderate quality. Overall, attention problems were the most reported cognitive deficit in test assessment and the most reported problem by parents. In 54% of the studies, children with epilepsy scored below average compared to controls/normative samples on different aspects of EF. Most studies reported behavior problems, which ranged from mild to severe. Forty-two percent of the studies specifically reported relationships between EF deficits and behavioral problems. In the remaining studies, below average neuropsychological functioning seemed to be accompanied by above average reported behavioral problems. ConclusionsCognitive control and attention deficits seem mostly associated with especially externalizing behavioral problems. The epilepsy variables early age at seizure onset and high seizure frequency are important variables in the relationship between EF and behavior. Future research should distinguish specific aspects of EF and take age into account, as this provides more insight on the association between EF and behavior in pediatric epilepsy, which makes it possible to develop appropriate and early intervention. CHAPTER 1 Social functioningEF also encompasses behaviors necessary for social interaction, such as initiation, self-monitoring, and self-regulation [14], which may be essential for adequate social functioning [63]. To engage in successful social interaction it is essential 292 Associating executive dysfunction with behavioral and socioemotional problems in children with epilepsy: a systematic review 65 2 Associating executive dysfunction with behavioral and socioemotional problems in children with epilepsy: a systematic review

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Executive function, attention, and memory deficits in antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy

Cited by 25 publications

References 50 publications

Intellectual Quotient and Social Cognition in Young Offenders: A Relational Analysis

Intellectual Quotient and Social Cognition in Young Offenders: A Relational Analysis

Aptos Para Serem Antiéticos: A Psicopatia Funcional Nas Organizações

Epilepsy out of control: when frontal lobe epilepsy becomes more than seizures

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