Exercise and the Regulation of Adipose Tissue Metabolism

Tsiloulis, Thomas; Watt, Matthew James

doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.06.016

Cited by 72 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…In exercise training studies, it is usual to measure circulatory markers for stress, but the circulatory profile may be influenced by tissues other than muscles, which could complicate the interpretation of the results. One example is adipose tissue, which is very important when it comes to exercise training [67]. Obesity leads to an increase in circulatory pro-inflammatory cytokines by stimulating a pro-inflammatory state in adipose tissue, and healthy habits tend to prevent this by inhibiting the inflammation in this tissue [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A Oral Supplementation Induces Oxidative Stress and Suppresses IL-10 and HSP70 in Skeletal Muscle of Trained Rats

et al. 2017

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Exercise training intensity is the major variant that influences the relationship between exercise, redox balance, and immune response. Supplement intake is a common practice for oxidative stress prevention; the effects of vitamin A (VA) on exercise training are not yet described, even though this molecule exhibits antioxidant properties. We investigated the role of VA supplementation on redox and immune responses of adult Wistar rats subjected to swimming training. Animals were divided into four groups: sedentary, sedentary + VA, exercise training, and exercise training + VA. Over eight weeks, animals were submitted to intense swimming 5 times/week and a VA daily intake of 450 retinol equivalents/day. VA impaired the total serum antioxidant capacity acquired by exercise, with no change in interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α levels. In skeletal muscle, VA caused lipid peroxidation and protein damage without differences in antioxidant enzyme activities; however, Western blot analysis showed that expression of superoxide dismutase-1 was downregulated, and upregulation of superoxide dismutase-2 induced by exercise was blunted by VA. Furthermore, VA supplementation decreased anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 and heat shock protein 70 expression, important factors for positive exercise adaptations and tissue damage prevention. Our data showed that VA supplementation did not confer any antioxidative and/or protective effects, attenuating exercise-acquired benefits in the skeletal muscle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A Oral Supplementation Induces Oxidative Stress and Suppresses IL-10 and HSP70 in Skeletal Muscle of Trained Rats

et al. 2017

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“…Thus, enhanced adipose tissue lipolysis in early recovery likely plays an important role in the sustained elevated circulating FA levels during the first hours following exercise. Mechanisms responsible for the increased adipose tissue lipolysis compared with rest in the hours after exercise stop may be related to hormonal regulation [23]. Accordingly, when well-trained men performed cycling exercise at 70% of the Watt-max test until exhaustion (~20 min) with the β-adrenergic blocker, propranolol, plasma levels of FA and glycerol were markedly reduced at exercise stop and in the first 20 min of recovery [24].…”

Section: Early Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Fatty Acids as Nutrients during Post-Exercise Recovery

2020

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It is well recognized that whole-body fatty acid (FA) oxidation remains increased for several hours following aerobic endurance exercise, even despite carbohydrate intake. However, the mechanisms involved herein have hitherto not been subject to a thorough evaluation. In immediate and early recovery (0–4 h), plasma FA availability is high, which seems mainly to be a result of hormonal factors and increased adipose tissue blood flow. The increased circulating availability of adipose-derived FA, coupled with FA from lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-derived very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triacylglycerol (TG) hydrolysis in skeletal muscle capillaries and hydrolysis of TG within the muscle together act as substrates for the increased mitochondrial FA oxidation post-exercise. Within the skeletal muscle cells, increased reliance on FA oxidation likely results from enhanced FA uptake into the mitochondria through the carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1 reaction, and concomitant AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) inhibition of glucose oxidation. Together this allows glucose taken up by the skeletal muscles to be directed towards the resynthesis of glycogen. Besides being oxidized, FAs also seem to be crucial signaling molecules for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling post-exercise, and thus for induction of the exercise-induced FA oxidative gene adaptation program in skeletal muscle following exercise. Collectively, a high FA turnover in recovery seems essential to regain whole-body substrate homeostasis.

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“…Adipose tissue is composed of many cell types, including immune, endothelial, and mesenchymal stem cells, and adipocytes are outnumbered by other cells on the order of ;3:1 (5), which makes it difficult to draw conclusions regarding the molecular profile of adipocytes, per se, when assessing whole adipose tissue. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to investigate miRNA expression in adipocytes before and after exercise training and to identify exercise-responsive miRNAs that regulate metabolism in adipocytes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of endurance exercise training on adipocyte microRNA expression in overweight men

et al. 2016

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Adipocytes are major regulators of metabolism, and endurance exercise training improves adipocyte function; however, the molecular mechanisms that regulate chronic adaptive responses remain unresolved. microRNAs (miRNAs) influence adipocyte differentiation and metabolism. Accordingly, we aimed to determine whether adipocyte miRNA expression is responsive to exercise training and to identify exercise-responsive miRNAs that influence adipocyte metabolism. Next-generation sequencing was used to profile miRNA expression of adipocytes that were isolated from abdominal subcutaneous (ABD) and gluteofemoral (GF) adipose tissue of overweight men before and after 6 wk of endurance exercise training. Differentially expressed miRNAs were overexpressed or silenced in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and lipid metabolism was examined. Next-generation sequencing identified 526 miRNAs in adipocytes, and there were no statistical differences in miRNA expression when comparing pre- and post-training samples for ABD and GF adipocytes. miR-10b expression was increased in ABD compared with GF adipocytes, whereas miR-204, miR-3613, and miR-4532 were more highly expressed in GF compared with ABD adipocytes. Blocking miR-10b in adipocytes suppressed β-adrenergic lipolysis but generally had a minor effect on lipid metabolism. Thus, unlike their critical role in adipogenesis, stable changes in miRNA expression do not play a prominent role in the regulation of adipocyte function in response to endurance exercise training.-Tsiloulis, T., Pike, J., Powell, D., Rossello, F. J., Canny, B. J., Meex, R. C. R., Watt, M. J. Impact of endurance exercise training on adipocyte microRNA expression in overweight men.

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Exercise and the Regulation of Adipose Tissue Metabolism

Cited by 72 publications

References 115 publications

Vitamin A Oral Supplementation Induces Oxidative Stress and Suppresses IL-10 and HSP70 in Skeletal Muscle of Trained Rats

Vitamin A Oral Supplementation Induces Oxidative Stress and Suppresses IL-10 and HSP70 in Skeletal Muscle of Trained Rats

The Importance of Fatty Acids as Nutrients during Post-Exercise Recovery

Impact of endurance exercise training on adipocyte microRNA expression in overweight men

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