Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC): Is It a Viable Source of Biomarkers for Lung Diseases?

Patsiris, Stefanos; Exarchos, Themis P.; Vlamos, Panayiotis

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32633-3_2

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Prior to examining the masks of patients, we examined the effect of mask wearing time on the quantity of nucleic acids collected from the masks of healthy controls. It is worthy to note that exhaled breath includes various materials such as DNA, RNA, exosomes, and diverse volatile organic compounds [ 17 , 18 ]. As shown in Fig 2(A) , the quantity of extracted RNA increased almost linearly with wearing time, and the amount of DNA extracted from masks worn for more than 3 h was even greater than that from plasma.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collection and detection of SARS-CoV-2 in exhaled breath using face mask

et al. 2022

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Face masks are used to protect the wearer from harmful external air and to prevent transmission of viruses from air exhaled by potentially infected wearers to the surrounding people. In this study, we examined the potential utility of masks for collecting viruses contained in exhaled breath and detected the collected viruses via various molecular tests. Using KF94 masks, the inner electrostatic filter was selected for virus collection, and an RNA extraction protocol was developed for the face mask. Virus detection in worn mask samples was performed using PCR and rolling circle amplification (RCA) tests and four different target genes (N, E, RdRp, and ORF1ab genes). The present study confirmed that the mask sample tests showed positive SARS-CoV-2 results, similar to the PCR tests using nasopharyngeal swab samples. In addition, the quantity of nucleic acid collected in the masks linearly increased with wearing time. These results suggest that samples for SARS-CoV-2 tests can be collected in a noninvasive, quick, and easy method by simply submitting worn masks from subjects, which can significantly reduce the hassle of waiting at airports or public places and concerns about cross-infection. In addition, it is expected that miniaturization technology will integrate PCR assays on face masks in the near future, and mask-based self-diagnosis would play a significant role in resolving the pandemic situation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collection and detection of SARS-CoV-2 in exhaled breath using face mask

et al. 2022

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“…Before examining the masks of patients, we examined the effect mask-wearing time on the quantity of nucleic acids collected from the masks of healthy controls. Note that exhaled breath includes various substances such as DNA, RNA, exosomes, and various volatile organic compounds 23,24 .…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic performance of face masks for collection and detection of SARS-CoV-2

Kim¹,

Lee²,

Kang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Generally, face mask have been used to protect the wearer from the outside harmful air environment and prevent any virus from being released to neighbors from potentially infected exhaled breath. The antiviral effectiveness of masks has not only been researched scientifically, but has also become a global issue due to society's obligation to wear masks. In this paper, we report the results of a study on the collection and detection of viruses contained in exhaled breath using face masks. The inner electrostatic filter was carefully selected for virus collection because it does not come in direct contact with either human skin or the external environment. In the study of a healthy control group, it was confirmed that a large amount of DNA and biomolecules such as exosomes were collected from the mask exposed to exhalation, and the amount of collection increased in proportion to the wearing time. For SARS-CoV-2 patients confirmed through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test using nasopharyngeal swabs, these mask tests with PCR and rolling circle amplification indicated the same positive results. The results suggest that this is a non-invasive, quick and easy method of collecting samples from subjects using a mask, which can significantly reduce the hassle of waiting at airports or public places and concerns about cross-contamination. Furthermore, we expect miniaturized technologies to integrate PCR detection into masks in the near future.

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“…Collection of exhaled air allows for investigation of exhaled breath particles (EBP) [ 10 ], volatile organic compounds [ 11 ] and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) [ 12 , 13 ], offering a unique isolated matrix of the respiratory system for biomarker analysis. Volatile organic compounds might reflect the presence of neoplasms or disease processes not specific to the lungs, and EBC is hampered by salivary contamination, whereas EBP reflect the distal airways selectively [ 14 , 15 ], which is why EBP have gained much interest as a potential source of biomarkers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaled phospholipid transfer protein and hepatocyte growth factor receptor in lung adenocarcinoma

et al. 2022

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Background Screening decreases mortality among lung cancer patients but is not widely implemented, thus there is an unmet need for an easily accessible non-invasive method to enable early diagnosis. Particles in exhaled air offer a promising such diagnostic tool. We investigated the validity of a particles in exhaled air device (PExA) to measure the particle flow rate (PFR) and collect exhaled breath particles (EBP) to diagnose primary lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods Seventeen patients listed for resection of LUAD stages IA–IIIA and 18 non-cancer surgical control patients were enrolled. EBP were collected before and after surgery for LUAD, and once for controls. Proteomic analysis was carried out using a proximity extension assay technology. Results were validated in both plasma from the same cohort and with microarray data from healthy lung tissue and LUAD tissue in the GSE10072 dataset. Results Of the 92 proteins analyzed, levels of five proteins in EBP were significantly higher in the LUAD patients compared to controls. Levels of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) decreased in LUAD patients after surgery compared to control patients. PFR was significantly higher in the LUAD cohort at all timepoints compared to the control group. MET in plasma correlated significantly with MET in EBP. Conclusion Collection of EBP and measuring of PFR has never been performed in patients with LUAD. In the present study PFR alone could distinguish between LUAD and patients without LUAD. PLTP and MET were identified as potential biomarkers to evaluate successful tumor excision.

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Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC): Is It a Viable Source of Biomarkers for Lung Diseases?

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Collection and detection of SARS-CoV-2 in exhaled breath using face mask

Collection and detection of SARS-CoV-2 in exhaled breath using face mask

Diagnostic performance of face masks for collection and detection of SARS-CoV-2

Exhaled phospholipid transfer protein and hepatocyte growth factor receptor in lung adenocarcinoma

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