Existing knowledge on Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. (Euphorbiaceae): Traditional uses, clinical applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology

Li, Yanan; He, Jun; Zhang, Jia; Shi, Ying-Xue; Guo, Lin-Bo; Peng, Zhongcan; Yang, Ting; Ding, Kang; Zhang, Wei-Ku; Xu, Jiaming

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2021.114095

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…[ 38 ], Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata [ 39 ], Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. [ 40 ], Euphorbia lathyris L., and Euphorbia hirta L. [ 41 ], have been reported to be poisonous. There are typical gastrointestinal irritation xenobiotic substances that induce clinical symptoms of acute gastroenteritis, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and hematochezia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and microRNA Profile Reveals the Toxicity of Euphorbia Factors toward Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Caco-2

et al. 2022

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Euphorbia factors, lathyrane-type diterpenoids isolated from the medical herb Euphorbia lathyris L. (Euphorbiaceae), have been associated with intestinal irritation toxicity, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are still unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the transcriptome and miRNA profiles of human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells in response to Euphorbia factors L1 (EFL1) and EFL2. Whole transcriptomes of mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) were obtained using second generation high-throughput sequencing technology in response to 200 μM EFL treatment for 72 h, and the differentially expressed genes and metabolism pathway were enriched. Gene structure changes were analyzed by comparing them with reference genome sequences. After 72 h of treatment, 16 miRNAs and 154 mRNAs were differently expressed between the EFL1 group and the control group, and 47 miRNAs and 1101 mRNAs were differentially expressed between the EFL2 group and the control. Using clusters of orthologous protein enrichment, the sequenced mRNAs were shown to be mainly involved in transcription, post-translational modification, protein turnover, chaperones, signal transduction mechanisms, intracellular trafficking, secretion, vesicular transport, and the cytoskeleton. The differentially expressed mRNA functions and pathways were enriched in transmembrane transport, T cell extravasation, the IL-17 signaling pathway, apoptosis, and the cell cycle. The differentially expressed miRNA EFLs caused changes in the structure of the gene, including alternative splicing, insertion and deletion, and single nucleotide polymorphisms. This study reveals the underlying mechanism responsible for the toxicity of EFLs in intestinal cells based on transcriptome and miRNA profiles of gene expression and structure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and microRNA Profile Reveals the Toxicity of Euphorbia Factors toward Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Caco-2

et al. 2022

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“…Active ingredients, as a part of the phenotype, are also influenced by genotype and environmental modifications. Diterpenoids are regarded as the main bioactive constituents of E. fischeriana and E. ebracteolata , which can be classified into abietane, tigliane, atisane, pimarane, rosane, kaurane, ingenane, and lathyrane types (Li et al, 2021b ; Yang et al, 2021 ). Among them, abietane type is the main diterpenoid type of the two species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Euphorbia is the largest genus in the Euphorbiaceae family, consisting of more than 2,000 species, with 77 species distributed in China (Li et al, 2008 ). Roots of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud (Li et al, 2021b ) and Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata (Yang et al, 2021 ) were used as the same kind of traditional Chinese medicine “Lvru” (now known as Langdu) for more than 2,000 years of treating swelling and ulcer of scabies (Zhao et al, 1996 ). As main active ingredients of Langdu, jolkinolide B (abietane type, multicyclic diterpenoid) and its derivatives have been proven to display potent anticancer activity (Wang et al, 2009 , 2017a ); ingenol's esters (ingenane type, bicyclic diterpenoid) have a great potential in treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Miana et al, 2015 ; Huang et al, 2019 ) and actinic keratosis (Parker et al, 2017 ), such as prostratin, Picato.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptomics and Metabolites Analysis of Two Closely Related Euphorbia Species Reveal Environmental Adaptation Mechanism and Active Ingredients Difference

Zheng

Han

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Roots of Euphorbia fischeriana and Euphorbia ebracteolata are recorded as the source plant of traditional Chinese medicine “Langdu,” containing active ingredients with anticancer and anti-AIDS activity. However, the two species have specific patterns in the graphic distribution. Compared with E. ehracteolata, E. fischeriana distributes in higher latitude and lower temperature areas and might have experienced cold stress adaptation. To reveal the molecular mechanism of environmental adaptation, RNA-seq was performed toward the roots, stems, and leaves of E. fischeriana and E. ehracteolata. A total of 6,830 pairs of putative orthologs between the two species were identified. Estimations of non-synonymous or synonymous substitution rate ratios for these orthologs indicated that 533 of the pairs may be under positive selection (Ka/Ks > 0.5). Functional enrichment analysis revealed that significant proportions of the orthologs were in the TCA cycle, fructose and mannose metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and terpenoid biosynthesis providing insights into how the two closely related Euphorbia species adapted differentially to extreme environments. Consistent with the transcriptome, a higher content of soluble sugars and proline was obtained in E. fischeriana, reflecting the adaptation of plants to different environments. Additionally, 5 primary or secondary metabolites were screened as the biomarkers to distinguish the two species. Determination of 4 diterpenoids was established and performed, showing jolkinolide B as a representative component in E. fischeriana, whereas ingenol endemic to E. ebracteolate. To better study population genetics, EST-SSR markers were generated and tested in 9 species of Euphorbia. A total of 33 of the 68 pairs were screened out for producing clear fragments in at least four species, which will furthermore facilitate the studies on the genetic improvement and phylogenetics of this rapidly adapting taxon. In this study, transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed the evolution of genes related to cold stress tolerance, biosynthesis of TCA cycle, soluble sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids, consistent with the molecular strategy that genotypes adapting to environment. The key active ingredients of the two species were quantitatively analyzed to reveal the difference in pharmacodynamic substance basis and molecular mechanism, providing insights into rational crude drug use.

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“…Their useable parts include roots, seeds, latex, wood, barks, leaves, and whole plants. 2–4 Notably, some members of this genus are notorious for their secretion, a milky latex with skin irritant and tumor-promoting activities. 5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Euphorbiaditerpenoids: isolation, structure, bioactivity, biosynthesis, and synthesis (2013–2021)

et al. 2022

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Existing knowledge on Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. (Euphorbiaceae): Traditional uses, clinical applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology

Cited by 30 publications

References 53 publications

Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and microRNA Profile Reveals the Toxicity of Euphorbia Factors toward Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Caco-2

Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and microRNA Profile Reveals the Toxicity of Euphorbia Factors toward Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Caco-2

Comparative Transcriptomics and Metabolites Analysis of Two Closely Related Euphorbia Species Reveal Environmental Adaptation Mechanism and Active Ingredients Difference

Euphorbiaditerpenoids: isolation, structure, bioactivity, biosynthesis, and synthesis (2013–2021)

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