Summary Here, we investigate the role of SmERF73, a group VII ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR stress response transcription factor, in the regulation of post‐modification of the skeleton precursors of diterpene tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Most genes found to be involved in tanshinone biosynthesis are located on chromosome 6, and five of these genes comprise a large gene cluster in S. miltiorrhiza. We found that SmERF73 overexpression in S. miltiorrhiza coordinately up‐regulated the transcription of seven tanshinone biosynthetic genes, four of which were located in the tanshinone gene cluster, consequently increasing tanshinone accumulation, while SmERF73 silencing reduced corresponding gene transcription and tanshinone accumulation. SmERF73 recognizes GCC‐box promoter elements of four tanshinone‐associated genes (DXR1, CPS1, KSL1 and CYP76AH3) and activates their expression. Moreover, SmERF73 and its targets were up‐regulated by stress elicitors; SmERF73 appears to be at least partly mediated by the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway via interaction with SmJAZ3. SmERF73 coordinately regulates tanshinone biosynthetic gene expression, suggesting a potential link between tanshinone production and plant stress responses.

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Seven sesquiterpenes including four eremophilanes (1–4) and three cadinenes (5–7), were isolated from the heartwood of Syringa oblata Lindl. Among them, three new eremophilane‐type sesquiterpenes were identified and named oblatanoids A–C (1–3), respectively. Their structures were established by extensive analyses of spectroscopic methods, and their absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. All these new compounds were evaluated for protective effects against hypoxia‐induced injury on H9c2 cells, and 1–3 exhibited significantly protective activities toward H9c2 cells in vitro.