Expanding Display Size and Resolution for Viewing Geospatial Data: A User Study with Multiple-Monitor High-Resolution Displays

Luebbering, Candice R.; Carstensen, Laurence W.; Campbell, James B.; Grossman, Lawrence S.

doi:10.1559/152304008784864686

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…According to Shneiderman (1992), users of information visualizations (such as maps) typically want to have an overview of the data first, to select the appropriate region (zoom-andfilter), and then to request its details (details-on-demand). In accordance with Shneiderman's observation, zooming and panning tools can be found on nearly all digital cartographic products today, thus allowing for iteration between overviews and detail views (Luebbering, Carstensen, Campbell, & Grossman, 2008;Roth, 2011).…”

Section: Cartography: a Special Interactive Casementioning

confidence: 69%

Combining user logging with eye tracking for interactive and dynamic applications

et al. 2014

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User evaluations of interactive and dynamic applications face various challenges related to the active nature of these displays. For example, users can often zoom and pan on digital products, and these interactions cause changes in the extent and/or level of detail of the stimulus. Therefore, in eye tracking studies, when a user's gaze is at a particular screen position (gaze position) over a period of time, the information contained in this particular position may have changed. Such digital activities are commonplace in modern life, yet it has been difficult to automatically compare the changing information at the viewed position, especially across many participants. Existing solutions typically involve tedious and time-consuming manual work. In this article, we propose a methodology that can overcome this problem. By combining eye tracking with user logging (mouse and keyboard actions) with cartographic products, we are able to accurately reference screen coordinates to geographic coordinates. This referencing approach allows researchers to know which geographic object (location or attribute) corresponds to the gaze coordinates at all times. We tested the proposed approach through two case studies, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the applied methodology. Furthermore, the applicability of the proposed approach is discussed with respect to other fields of research that use eye tracking-namely, marketing, sports and movement sciences, and experimental psychology. From these case studies and discussions, we conclude that combining eye tracking and user-logging data is an essential step forward in efficiently studying user behavior with interactive and static stimuli in multiple research fields. Keywords Eye tracking . Interactivity . GeoreferencingEye tracking has proven to be a helpful technique in user research, especially when a visual element needs to be evaluated. By using eye tracking data, researchers can discover how long and how often a user looks at a particular area of interest, as well as the length and speed of the eye movements (Duchowski, 2007;Holmqvist et al., 2011). The position of the gaze (also termed the point of regard, or POR) is typically expressed using screen coordinates in pixels. From these basic screen coordinate measurements, various gaze metrics are derived in relation to what is displayed, such as the fixation duration (how long), fixation count (how often), and various scan-path characteristics (e.g., the length and speed of eye movements). The technique has been applied in a multitude of research fields, including software engineering, industrial engineering (e.g

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Section: Cartography: a Special Interactive Casementioning

confidence: 69%

Combining user logging with eye tracking for interactive and dynamic applications

et al. 2014

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“…However, with the increasing use of large computer displays for visualization (Luebbering et al, 2008), there is increasing potential for interactive 3-D visualization to deliver and even surpass the strengths of a static visualization by providing high-level views of the whole of an environment at different levels of detail by zooming in and out. The need to have computer skills might be reduced by providing preset views that can be selected, among which users of interactive 3-D visualization can switch (for example from high-level overview to detailed view at walking height).…”

Section: Comparison Of Visualization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using interactive 3-D visualization for public consultation

Schaik¹

2010

Interacting with Computers

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a b s t r a c t 3-D models are often developed to aid the design and development of indoor and outdoor environments. This study explores the use of interactive 3-D visualization for public consultation for outdoor environments. Two visualization techniques (interactive 3-D visualization and static visualization) were compared using the method of individual testing. Visualization technique had no effect on the perception of the represented outdoor environment, but there was a preference for using interactive 3-D. Previously established mechanisms for a preference for interactive 3-D visualization in other domains were confirmed in the perceived strengths and weaknesses of visualization techniques. In focus-group discussion, major preferences included provision of more information through interactive 3-D visualization and wider access to information for public consultation. From a users' perspective, the findings confirm the strong potential of interactive 3-D visualization for public consultation.

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Mixing Methods and Triangulating Results to Study the Influence of Panning on Map Users’ Attentive Behaviour

Ooms

Dupont

Lapon

2016

The Cartographic Journal

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Expanding Display Size and Resolution for Viewing Geospatial Data: A User Study with Multiple-Monitor High-Resolution Displays

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Combining user logging with eye tracking for interactive and dynamic applications

Combining user logging with eye tracking for interactive and dynamic applications

Using interactive 3-D visualization for public consultation

Mixing Methods and Triangulating Results to Study the Influence of Panning on Map Users’ Attentive Behaviour

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