Expansão de repertório de relações arbitrárias em Sapajus sp. via exclusão

Campos, Rodolfo S.; Brino, Ana Leda F.; Galvão, Olavo de Faria

doi:10.9788/tp2013.1-03

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Therefore, accurate selections of theta or upsilon remained dependent on the presence of pi to be excluded and did not lead to learning of the new relations between the words "theta" and "upsilon" and the corresponding letters (actually, Dixon repeated the procedure with other stimulus sets, and found that learning of new discriminations increased in probability). Similar outcomes were often obtained (Campos, Brino, & Galvão, 2013;Clement & Zentall, 2003;Domeniconi, et al, 2007). However, learning by exclusion was reported in other studies (e.g., Cabral, Assis, & Haydu, 2012;Ferrari, de Rose, & McIlvane, 1993;McIlvane & Stoddard, 1981).…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

“…However, accuracy increased in the subsequent cycles, in which Pandora, Greg, and Cronos showed results consistent with learning. Therefore, the most important variable determining learning was not direct reinforcement of the responses to undefined stimuli, but repeated responses away from the defined S − s. These results confirm that exclusion may produce learning and that learning by exclusion seems to require more than one exclusion trial (Antoniazzi, Domeniconi, & Schmidt, 2014;Bion, Borovsky, & Fernald, 2013;Campos et al, 2013;Clement & Zentall, 2003;Dixon, 1977;Domeniconi et al, 2007;Wilkinson & McIlvane, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Consistent selections of an undefined comparison in the presence of an undefined sample do not necessarily result in learning of such sample-comparison relations (Campos, Brino, & Galvão, 2013;Clement & Zentall, 2003;Dixon, 1977;Domeniconi, et al, 2007). For instance, Dixon trained adolescents with mild intellectual deficiency to select the Greek letter pi, when it was presented together with either theta or upsilon, and the word "pi" was spoken as a sample.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exclusion performance and learning by exclusion in dogs

Zaine

Domeniconi

Rose

2016

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Responding by exclusion is a type of emergent repertoire in which an individual chooses an alternative by the apparent exclusion of other available alternatives. In this case it is possible to respond appropriately to an undefined stimulus (one that has not previously acquired discriminative functions) by excluding the defined alternatives. There is evidence of exclusion in humans and nonhuman animals, although learning as an outcome of exclusion does not always occur. This study aimed to investigate exclusion in visual simple discriminations and learning of new simple discriminations resulting from exclusion in four border collies. Subjects were trained to perform simple simultaneous discriminations between pairs of tridimensional objects, and were then tested for exclusion, novelty control and learning of new simple discriminations. All dogs successfully responded by exclusion, choosing an undefined stimulus displayed with an S-. For three dogs, it was possible to conclude that these previously undefined stimuli acquired S+ functions, documenting learning of new simple discriminations. However, this required up to four exposures to exclusion trials with each pair of stimuli.

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supporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exclusion performance and learning by exclusion in dogs

Zaine

Domeniconi

Rose

2016

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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“…For example, Tico, who exhibited the best performances and required the smaller I/D ratios, was the youngest monkey and had an extensive training history of tool usage (Delage, ). By contrast, Raul had a longer history in tasks of choice with two‐dimensional stimuli as in the present study (Brino et al, ; Brino, Campos, et al, 2014; Brino et al, ; Brino, Galvão, et al, 2014; Campos et al, ). Notably, Raul proved capable of acquiring arbitrary relations in DMTS tasks that Dracula could not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Acquisition and maintenance of delayed matching‐to‐sample in tufted capuchin monkeys

Leal

Brino

Costa

et al. 2020

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) is a commonly used procedure to investigate short-term memory. For the study of functions of forgetting, the delay between the disappearance of the sample stimulus and appearance of choices is manipulated. The intertrial interval (ITI) is also varied to assess interference effects. Performance decrements have been observed as delay increases and, in some cases, performance recovery occurs when ITIs are increased. Other studies indicate that the higher the ITI/delay ratio, the greater the accuracy in DMTS. In this study, 2 experiments investigated DMTS performances of 3 tufted capuchin monkeys as function of delay and ITI. In Experiment 1, alternation of gradual increases of delay and ITI was effective in producing ≥90% accuracy at delays as long as 90 s. Individual monkeys differed in the highest value of delay at which this criterion was met. In Experiment 2, the monkeys were exposed to 5-s DMTS with different ITIs to assess the effects of various ITI/delay ratios on accuracy. Highest accuracy tended to occur at the higher ITI/delay ratios.

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“…In studies reported by Brino et al (2010) and Campos, Brino, and Galvão (2013), the capuchin acquired generalized identity matching (IDMTS), multiple arbitrary matching (ARBMTS), and MTS baselines, demonstrating that reject control could be developed via blank comparison (mask) procedures (McIlvane, Kledaras, Munson, King, de Rose, & Stoddard, 1987). The present study exploited this unusually well-developed baseline in an effort to analyze stimulus control topographies, supporting a positive outcome on a test for emergent symmetry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blank-comparison matching-to-sample reveals a false positive symmetry test in a capuchin monkey.

Brino

Campos

Galvão

et al. 2014

Psychology & Neuroscience

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A positive symmetry test result was obtained with a capuchin monkey that had previously exhibited virtually errorless AB and BA arbitrary matching-to-sample (MTS) with different stimuli. The symmetry test (BA) followed the acquisition of a new AB relation. It seemed possible, however, that the positive result could have occurred through the exclusion of previously defined comparison stimuli and not because the new AB and BA relations had the property of symmetry. To assess this possibility, a blank-comparison MTS procedure was implemented that permitted the separate assessment of select and reject (i.e., exclusion) control with both baseline and BA matching relations. In this assessment, the monkey did not exhibit reliable BA matching when exclusion was not possible, thus showing that the symmetry result was a false positive. However, the study demonstrated the feasibility of using a blank comparison MTS procedure with capuchins. The present results may set the stage for more successful methodology for establishing desired forms of relational stimulus control in capuchins and ultimately improving the assessment of relational learning capacity in that species, other nonhuman species, and nonverbal humans.

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Expansão de repertório de relações arbitrárias em Sapajus sp. via exclusão

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Exclusion performance and learning by exclusion in dogs

Exclusion performance and learning by exclusion in dogs

Acquisition and maintenance of delayed matching‐to‐sample in tufted capuchin monkeys

Blank-comparison matching-to-sample reveals a false positive symmetry test in a capuchin monkey.

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