Experience in Utilization of Phylogenetic Analysis for Epidemiological Investigation of HIV Infection Case

Zaitseva, N.N.; Парфенова, О В; Peksheva, O.Yu.; Ефимов, Е. И.; Потемина, Л П; Abramyan, T.L.

doi:10.21055/0370-1069-2016-1-61-63

Probl Osobo Opasn Infek

2016

DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2016-1-61-63

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Experience in Utilization of Phylogenetic Analysis for Epidemiological Investigation of HIV Infection Case

N.N. Zaitseva¹,

О В Парфенова²,

O.Yu. Peksheva³

et al.

Abstract: Появление в последние годы сложных, с точки зрения установления источника инфекции, случаев заражения ВИЧ определяет актуальность и необходимость использования в практике работы специалистов службы профилактики ВИЧ-инфекции/ СПИД современных молекулярно-генетических методов исследования, в том числе генотипирования ВИЧ и филогенетического анализа. Исследование филогенетического родства нуклеотидных последовательностей вируса иммунодефицита человека, выделенных от инфицированных лиц из эпидемического очага, поз… Show more

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Current Problems of HIV Transmission Classification

Bimbinov

2022

Aktualʹnye problemy rossijskogo prava

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The paper presents the criminal law characteristics of HIV infection with an emphasis on law enforcement problems. It has been established that article 122 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which provides for liability for HIV infection, contains three main bodies of a crime that differ in almost all the elements. The objective side of putting a person at risk of being infected with the HIV (part 1 of article 122 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) consists in committing an act creating a real and immediate threat of transmitting HIV to another person, if the disease does not occur due to circumstances beyond the control of the guilty party. In this regard, the criminal liability of an HIV-positive person with an undetectable amount of the virus is impossible to arise, since such a person is not able to pass the disease on to another person. This conclusion should be taken into account when deciding on the criminal liability of a person who correctly used proven means for preventing HIV infection (condoms, pre-exposure prophylaxis). The bodies of the crimes provided for in parts 2 and 4 of Art. 122 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation belong to materially defined crimes, since, under the law, criminal acts must lead to the infection of another person with the HIV. These bodies differ in the substance of the acts. According to part 4, the act consists in the improper performance by a person of his professional duties, which implies the possibility of committing the specified crime through inaction. The act provided for in part 2 can only be expressed in active actions leading to transmission of the HIV to the victim. The presence of a causal relationship between such actions and the consequences may be evidenced by the results of phylogenetic analysis, which, in turn, makes it possible to judge on the presence or absence of an epidemiological relationship.

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Current Problems of HIV Transmission Classification

Bimbinov

2022

Aktualʹnye problemy rossijskogo prava

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Experience in the use of phylogenetic analysis in the investigation of cases of HIV-infected patients

Нешумаев

Malysheva

Skudarinov

et al. 2022

VIČ-infekc. immunosupr.

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Objective. To establish a probable source of infection using phylogenetic analysis in the investigation of cases of HIV infection. Materials and methods. HIV genome sequencing was carried out using the kit ViroSeq (Celera). The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method in the Mega 6 program. As a comparison group, 40 samples of HIV-infected patients from the Krasnoyarsk region were used, as well as 25 nucleotide sequences of various HIV subtypes taken from the international GenBank database. The reliability of the resulting tree was evaluated in bootstrap analysis, a branch rotation test for a thousand random constructions.Results and discussion. The paper presents five cases of epidemiological investigations with a probable nosocomial and occupational mechanism of HIV infection transmission in the Krasnoyarsk region. In 2013, a study was conducted on the infection of three persons treated in the same hospital with an HIV-infected patient. A close genetic relationship of HIV was shown in newly identified individuals, the probable source could not be examined due to death. Second epidemiological investigation in 2013. The association of cases of infection between a newly diagnosed woman with HIV infection and a patient with a previously established HIV status is shown. Both persons were simultaneously in the same medical institution. To determine the direction of transmission of the virus, a test for the duration of infection was used. In 2014, after receiving medical care in four medical organizations, the patient was confirmed to be HIV positive. In all hospitals there were persons with a confirmed diagnosis of HIV infection. Three of them have been examined. The absence of a phylogenetic relationship was confirmed, the fourth died, the material could not be obtained from him. In 2015, a nurse was injured while caring for an HIV-positive patient. Phylogenetic analysis showed a high degree of genetic relationship between these cases of infection. In 2016, after a car accident, two patients were hospitalized in the intensive care unit. After some time, both were diagnosed with HIV infection. Four HIV-infected patients were in intensive care at the same time. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out in two newly identified individuals and one putative source. The association of infections in newly identified patients was shown, the alleged source could not be established.Conclusion. The use of molecular genetic methods in epidemiological investigations significantly improves the quality and accuracy of deciphering epidemic chains of HIV infection.

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Experience in Utilization of Phylogenetic Analysis for Epidemiological Investigation of HIV Infection Case

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Current Problems of HIV Transmission Classification

Current Problems of HIV Transmission Classification

Experience in the use of phylogenetic analysis in the investigation of cases of HIV-infected patients

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