Experiment on Activated Carbon Manufactured from Waste Coffee Grounds on the Compressive Strength of Cement Mortars

Na, Sukjoon; Lee, Sanghoon; Youn, Sungmin

doi:10.3390/sym13040619

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Numerous model types are applied in RSM depending on the number of independent variables and their proportions. Models such as 2 k factorial design, Box-Behnken design (BBD), D-optimal design, central composite design (CCD), Taguchi's OA design, Historical data design, user-defined, miscellaneous design, and one-factor design method are available [31,32]. RSM is implemented in three steps: (a) experiment design such as Central Composite Design; (b) statistical and regression analysis to build equations that describe well the modeling of the response surface; and (c) optimization process of independent variables carried out through the model Equation.…”

Section: Proportioning By Response Surface Methodology (Rsm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that PAC when used as an additive to cementitious composites such as concrete and mortar improved the mechanical strengths and reduced the curing time required to achieve the desired strength. Additionally, due to its large surface area, PAC acts as a filler and densified the microstructure of composites [31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling and Optimization of Date Palm Fiber Reinforced Concrete Modified with Powdered Activated Carbon under Elevated Temperature

et al. 2023

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Date palm fiber (DPF) is one of the abundant solid waste materials in the agriculture sector in Saudi Arabia, and it is gaining great attraction due to its advantages compared to synthetic and other natural fibers. For proper utilization of DPF in cementitious composites, its performance under high temperatures needs to be understood. This is because DPF is a cellulose-based agricultural fiber material and is expected to degrade when subjected to high temperatures. This will cause a significant loss in strength and structural integrity of the composites. The use of Pozzolanic materials has been reported to reduce the loss in mechanical properties of cementitious composites under high temperatures. With powdered activated carbon (PAC) being a low-cost material compared to other Pozzolanic materials, this study utilized PAC as an additive to the DPF-reinforced concrete to mitigate its loss in mechanical strength when exposed to elevated temperature. The experiment was designed using response surface methodology (RSM), which was used to construct mathematical models for estimating the strengths of the concrete exposed to high temperatures. The DPF was added at proportions of 1%, 2%, and 3% by weight of cement. Similarly, the PAC was added at 1%, 2%, and 3% by weight of cement to the concrete. The concrete was subjected to elevated temperatures of 300 °C, 600 °C, and 900 °C for a 2 h exposure period. The degradation of the concrete in terms of mass loss and the compressive strength of the concrete after heating were measured. DPF in the concrete led to an escalation in weight loss and reduction in strength, which was more pronounced at a temperature of 600 °C and above. The addition of PAC resulted in an enhancement in the strengths of the concrete containing up to 2% DPF at 300 °C, while at 600 °C the improvement was minimal. The models developed for predicting the mass loss and strengths of the DPF-reinforced concrete under high temperatures were statistically significant with a high correlation degree. Based on the optimization results, DPF-reinforced concrete produced with 1% DPF, and 2.27% PAC as additives and subjected to a temperature of 300 °C for 2 h yielded the lowest mass loss of 2.05%, highest residual compressive strength and relative strength of 45.85 MPa and 106.7% respectively.

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Section: Proportioning By Response Surface Methodology (Rsm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Optimization of Date Palm Fiber Reinforced Concrete Modified with Powdered Activated Carbon under Elevated Temperature

et al. 2023

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“…Sawdust is an organic material containing carbon (C) elements, which delay water and cement's hydration. If the heating process activates this subsequent material, it can increase the early strength of cement mortars when used in a low amount [17]. The diaper can be used as a self-cure agent to improve concrete performance when used in a low amount [18].…”

Section: Compressive Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on Mechanical Properties of Waste Composite Materials for Bricks Application

Zuraida

Harmaji

Pratiwi

et al. 2022

JPSE (J. Phys. Sci. Eng.)

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This study discusses mechanical properties and analysis of composite materials to develop building bricks for structural lightweight concrete replacement applications made from three different waste materials, i.e. sawdust, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottle, and used diaper. All waste materials are used to mixture composite, as cement replacement, with a mixture of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the total weight. This study uses a quantitative method with the sample used as cylindrical tube with 20 mm of diameter and 40 mm of height. Tests were carried out in the form of compressive and specific gravity tests to determine the mechanical and physical properties of the composite material. The use of waste materials as mixtures for composite manufacture with a water per cement ratio of 0.4 at the age of 28 days results in the best compressive strength of 20.70 MPa (5% sawdust), 33.04 MPa (5% PET), and 18.05 MPa (5% used diaper). The density value shows that the addition of waste materials tends to decrease the weight of the composite result. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the use of waste composite materials is a potential replacement for lightweight structural concrete as an effort to reduce the cement requirement for building material applications.

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“…In addition, ref. (Na et al 2021 ) shows iron oxide-biochar nanocomposites loaded with bacteria as a promising material for bioremediation in wastewater treatment. As the agricultural sector generates a tremendous amount of biomass waste, its effective management is a big issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green composites based on volcanic red algae Cyanidiales, cellulose, and coffee waste biomass modified with magnetic nanoparticles for the removal of methylene blue

Pietrzyk

Borowska

Hejduk

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In this paper, green nanocomposites based on biomass and superparamagnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and used as adsorbents to remove methylene blue (MB) from water with magnetic separation. The adsorbents were synthesized through the wet co-precipitation technique, in which iron-oxide nanoparticles coated the cores based on coffee, cellulose, and red volcanic algae waste. The procedure resulted in materials that could be easily separated from aqueous solutions with magnets. The morphology and chemical composition of the nanocomposites were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, and XPS methods. The adsorption studies of MB removal with UV-vis spectrometry showed that the adsorption performance of the prepared materials strongly depended on their morphology and the type of the organic adsorbent. The adsorption studies presented the highest effectiveness in neutral pH with only a slight effect on ionic strength. The MB removal undergoes pseudo-second kinetics for all adsorbents. The maximal adsorption capacity for the coffee@Fe3O4–2, cellulose@Fe3O4–1, and algae@Fe3O4–1 is 38.23 mg g−1, 41.61 mg g−1, and 48.41 mg g−1, respectively. The mechanism of MB adsorption follows the Langmuir model using coffee@Fe3O4 and cellulose@Fe3O4, while for algae@Fe3O4 the process fits to the Redlich-Peterson model. The removal efficiency analysis based on UV-vis adsorption spectra revealed that the adsorption effectiveness of the nanocomposites increased as follows: coffee@Fe3O4–2 > cellulose@Fe3O4–1 > algae@Fe3O4–1, demonstrating an MB removal efficiency of up to 90%.

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Experiment on Activated Carbon Manufactured from Waste Coffee Grounds on the Compressive Strength of Cement Mortars

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Modeling and Optimization of Date Palm Fiber Reinforced Concrete Modified with Powdered Activated Carbon under Elevated Temperature

Modeling and Optimization of Date Palm Fiber Reinforced Concrete Modified with Powdered Activated Carbon under Elevated Temperature

Comparative Study on Mechanical Properties of Waste Composite Materials for Bricks Application

Green composites based on volcanic red algae Cyanidiales, cellulose, and coffee waste biomass modified with magnetic nanoparticles for the removal of methylene blue

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