Experimental and numerical study of the effect of injection strategy and intake valve lift on super-knock and engine performance in a boosted GDI engine

Gong, Zhen; Feng, Liyan; Wang, Zixin

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.03.005

Cited by 33 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…To verify the reliability of the threedimensional simulation model in this study, the adaptability of models, initial, and boundary condition were verified. Firstly, in order to complete the validation of the spray model, the numerical simulations of gasoline spray process were carried out under the same experimental conditions as in reference [40]. In the experiment, the ambient temperature and pressure were 298 K and 0.14 MPa, respectively.…”

Section: Model Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of In-Cylinder Low-Pressure Direct Injection Strategy on the Atomization and Combustion Process of a Small-Scaled Gasoline Wankel Rotary Engine

Liu

Huang

et al. 2023

International Journal of Energy Research

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To solve the problem of poor atomization and combustion in a small-scaled gasoline Wankel rotary engine (WRE) with low-pressure port injection mode, the numerical simulation was used to optimize the injection strategy. Firstly, the effects of in-cylinder temperature and pressure on gasoline atomization characteristics were studied, and the optimal injection timing was determined. Based on this, the influence of injection position, injection angle, and installation direction on the atomization, fuel-air mixing, and combustion processes of low-pressure direct injection (DI) small-scaled gasoline WRE was investigated. The results show that the injection angle is a key factor in determining the gasoline atomization characteristics. Injecting along the direction of rotor rotation causes the impingement between fuel bundle and combustion chamber pocket, resulting in the smaller Sauter mean diameter (SMD) and liquid penetration length (LPL). The installation direction of nozzle plays an important role in the airflow movement. When the nozzle is vertical-installed, the airflow repeatedly crosses to form multiple eddies, making the fuel to move more easily towards the front of combustion chamber. When the nozzle is parallel-installed at the lower edge of the installing zone and injecting along the direction of rotor rotation, the peak in-cylinder pressure is the largest and increased by 21% compared to the original port injection. By this injection strategy, the problem of incomplete combustion for the studied small-scaled gasoline WRE could be almost completely solved.

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Section: Model Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of In-Cylinder Low-Pressure Direct Injection Strategy on the Atomization and Combustion Process of a Small-Scaled Gasoline Wankel Rotary Engine

Liu

Huang

et al. 2023

International Journal of Energy Research

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“…Other than the Spray G injector from ECN, several researchers across the globe are working on the other available gasoline direct injection systems. The following literature are a few to mention (Schmitz et al, 2002;Zigan et al, 2011;Badawy et al, 2018;Robin et al, 2018;Gong et al, 2019;Yamaguchi et al, 2019Yamaguchi et al, , 2020Li et al, 2020;Ji et al, 2021;Miller et al, 2021;Pratama et al, 2022). Most of the aforementioned literature did not explore the effects of breakup model constants as well as the turbulence model in the context of GDI spray.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Modeling of Spray G ECN Using ROI-Based Eulerian-Lagrangian Simulation

Ailaboina

Saha

2022

Front. Mech. Eng.

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A numerical study has been carried out to understand the effects of Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (standard k ― ε and RNG k ― ε model) and large eddy simulations (LES) on a multi-hole gasoline direct injection (GDI) system. The fuel injector considered in this study is the Spray G nozzle from the Engine Combustion Network (ECN). A blob injection model, based on empirical rate of injection (ROI) profile, is considered in this study. The latest data on spray penetrations from Engine Combustion Network is used for model validation along with experimental findings on suction velocity and local droplet diameter. The spray breakup is simulated by using the KH-RT breakup length model. The turbulence model constant Cε1, is tuned to match with the experimental data of liquid and vapor penetrations in simulations while using the standard k-ε turbulence model. On the other hand, the Kelvin-Helmholtz breakup model time constant (B1) and Rayleigh Taylor breakup length constant (Cbl) are tuned for the RNG k ― ε turbulence model. From this work it is observed that by increasing the breakup length model constants (Cbl), the radial dispersion of the spray increases, and the extent of breakup is lowered. The set of optimized model parameters used with RNG k - ε is also used for LES modeling studies with different sub-grid models. The spray penetrations with standard k ― ε turbulence (Cε1=1.44) model are reported underpredicting, and the RNG k ― ε and LES sub-grid models predicted well with the latest and recommended data from ECN. In terms of gas axial velocity comparison, the standard k-ε(Cε1=1.44) simulation setup does not perform as well as the simulation setups using RNG k-ε and LES turbulence models (with breakup parameters: Cbl = 16 and B1 = 32). However, the standard k-ε(Cε1=1.44) simulation setup perform better than the simulation setups using RNG k-ε and LES turbulence models (with breakup parameters: Cbl = 16 and B1 = 32) when it comes to predicting local droplet diameter at 15 mm downstream of the injector tip. A parametric study is also performed considering the geometry of the stepped holes in the computational domain. The rate of injection based simulation is initiated at the end of the smaller hole. The case including the stepped holes led to over-prediction compared to the case with the usual computational domain (i.e., without the stepped holes), in terms of spray penetrations, but exhibited higher levels of fluctuations in the spray morphology. Finally, parametric studies were carried out to understand the relative importance of the individual spray sub-models (breakup, evaporation and collision) and the results are conclusive that for a spray simulation the breakup models are the dominant factors.

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“…Moreover, there are many new technologies that have been introduced aiming to produce highly efficient vehicle that is able to extract as much as possible energy that contained inside the fuel while saving as much fuel as possible. Among the examples of new technology includes combustion cylinder deactivation (CDA) [5][6][7], gasoline direct injection (GDI) [8][9][10], variable valve timing and lift [11,12]. Some manufacturer even introduces more radical solutions to decrease the emission and obtain more energy efficient vehicle through introduction to electric hybrid vehicle and fully electric vehicle [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Generation Inside Turbocharger Without External Heat Source

Hamzah

Alias²

2022

ARFMTS

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Recently, many vehicle manufacturers started to invest in new technology to reduce the emission produced by their engines. Due to the emission regulations that become more stringent and the rising demand for highly efficient vehicles, many new technologies were introduced to achieve the demand. One of the technologies that gain popularity in modern vehicles is applying force induction systems such as turbocharging and supercharging the engine. By using the turbocharger, two major advantages can be achieved which are increasing engine efficiency and engine size reduction. However, turbocharger performance will be affected by the amount of heat that is generated due to friction inside the bearing, air compression process and also the heat transfer from the exhaust gas that has high temperature and pressure. In this paper, the heat generation inside the turbocharger unit without any external heat source was measured and analysed. A turbocharger unit from Garrett Turbocharger where the model is GT2056 was used for this experiment. The operating speed in the study is recorded between 20 000 rpm until 70 000 rpm and the temperature at the turbine inlet and compressor inlet is at room temperature. The parameters that were measured are the temperature difference at the turbine side, bearing housing and also compressor side. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the bearing housing produces a higher amount of heat compared to the compressor side while the turbine side will experience heat loss.

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Experimental and numerical study of the effect of injection strategy and intake valve lift on super-knock and engine performance in a boosted GDI engine

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of In-Cylinder Low-Pressure Direct Injection Strategy on the Atomization and Combustion Process of a Small-Scaled Gasoline Wankel Rotary Engine

Effect of In-Cylinder Low-Pressure Direct Injection Strategy on the Atomization and Combustion Process of a Small-Scaled Gasoline Wankel Rotary Engine

On Modeling of Spray G ECN Using ROI-Based Eulerian-Lagrangian Simulation

Heat Generation Inside Turbocharger Without External Heat Source

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