Experimental and simulative study on phase transformation in Bayer red mud soda-lime roasting system and recovery of Al, Na and Fe

Liu, Wanchao; Sun, Shouyi; Zhang, Ling; Jahanshahi, Sharif; Yang, Jiakuan

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2012.05.021

Cited by 107 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The dealkalization of bauxite residue by alkaline solids was developed rapidly and formed the hydrothermal process (hydrothermal alkali process) (Mei et al 1997;Wang et al 2010a;Zheng et al 2010), atmospheric lime process, and lime-soda sintering process (Jiang 2009;Li et al 2009;Liu et al 2012) in China. The lime-soda sintering process is different from the other processes as CaO, Na 2 CO 3 , and bauxite residue are mixed and sintered at a temperature above 1273 K. The oxides in the residue are transformed into calcium silicate, sodium aluminate, calcium ferrite, and calcium titanate.…”

Section: Alkalinity Transformation Of Bauxite Residue Alkaline Solid mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal for management and alkalinity transformation of bauxite residue in China

Xue

Kong

Zhu

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

132

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Bauxite residue is a hazardous solid waste produced during the production of alumina. Its high alkalinity is a potential threat to the environment which may disrupt the surrounding ecological balance of its disposal areas. China is one of the major global producers of alumina and bauxite residue, but differences in alkalinity and associated chemistry exist between residues from China and those from other countries. A detailed understanding of the chemistry of bauxite residue remains the key to improving its management, both in terms of minimizing environmental impacts and reducing its alkaline properties. The nature of bauxite residue and the chemistry required for its transformation are still poorly understood. This review focuses on various transformation processes generated from the Bayer process, sintering process, and combined Bayer-sintering process in China. Problems associated with transformation mechanisms, technical methods, and relative merits of these technologies are reviewed, while current knowledge gaps and research priorities are recommended. Future research should focus on transformation chemistry and its associated mechanisms and for the development of a clear and economic process to reduce alkalinity and soda in bauxite residue.

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Section: Alkalinity Transformation Of Bauxite Residue Alkaline Solid mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal for management and alkalinity transformation of bauxite residue in China

Xue

Kong

Zhu

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

132

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“…Many strategies for metal / CRM recovery from bauxite residues rely on pyrometallurgical processing in combination with hydrometallurgical methods (leaching, solvent extraction and precipitation). 28,30,34,35,37,38,45 Understandably, large amounts of energy and chemicals are used during the many process steps. For instance, complex processing of bauxite residue to produce Sc has been reviewed in Borra et al 156 and references therein.…”

Section: Impacts Of Crm Recovery From Bauxite Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

Re‐using bauxite residues: benefits beyond (critical raw) material recovery

Ujaczki

Feigl

Molnár

et al. 2018

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

108

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Since the world economy has been confronted with an increasing risk of supply shortages of critical raw materials (CRMs), there has been a major interest in identifying alternative secondary sources of CRMs. Bauxite residues from alumina production are available at a multi‐million tonnes scale worldwide. So far, attempts have been made to find alternative re‐use applications for bauxite residues, for instance in cement / pig iron production. However, bauxite residues also constitute an untapped secondary source of CRMs. Depending on their geological origin and processing protocol, bauxite residues can contain considerable amounts of valuable elements. The obvious primary consideration for CRM recovery from such residues is the economic value of the materials contained. However, there are further benefits from re‐use of bauxite residues in general, and from CRM recovery in particular. These go beyond monetary values (e.g. reduced investment / operational costs resulting from savings in disposal). For instance, benefits for the environment and health can be achieved by abatement of tailing storage as well as by reduction of emissions from conventional primary mining. Whereas certain tools (e.g. life‐cycle analysis) can be used to quantify the latter, other benefits (in particular sustained social and technological development) are harder to quantify. This review evaluates strategies of bauxite residue re‐use / recycling and identifies associated benefits beyond elemental recovery. Furthermore, methodologies to translate risks and benefits into quantifiable data are discussed. Ultimately, such quantitative data are a prerequisite for facilitating decision‐making regarding bauxite residue re‐use / recycling and a stepping stone towards developing a zero‐waste alumina production process. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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“…They also observed that too long a sintering time (about 120 min) has a negative effect on the alumina recovery rate. Liu et al found that leaching at higher temperatures results in higher recovery of aluminum and sodium, but with increase in time above 15 min the recovery decreases [100]. They suggested that this may be due to the precipitation of hydrated aluminosilicates.…”

Section: Aluminum Recovery From Bauxite Residue In View Of Iron Titamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Rare Earths and Other Valuable Metals From Bauxite Residue (Red Mud): A Review

Gerven

Blanpain

Pontikes

et al. 2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

265

140

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The long-term storage of bauxite residue (red mud) is harmful to the environment and the tailing ponds also cover large areas. At the moment there is no largescale utilization of bauxite residue. However, some bauxite residues contain considerable concentrations of rare-earth elements (REEs) and the recovery of these REEs together with(out) other metals and utilization of the generated residue in other applications (e.g., building materials) can solve the storage problem of bauxite residue. This paper reviews the recovery of REEs, possibly alongside other valuable metals, from bauxite residue. REEs can be recovered from bauxite residue by direct leaching or by smelting followed by leaching. The main disadvantages of direct acid leaching are the consumption of large amounts of acid for neutralization, the handling of large volumes of effluents, and the difficulty in using the bauxite residue after leaching. Recovery of iron prior to leaching can improve the economics of the process. However, high alumina in the bauxite residue increases the flux and acid consumption. Therefore, alumina needs to be removed by alkali roasting prior to smelting in order to decrease the flux and acid consumption. The alkali roasting-smeltingleaching process allows recovery of aluminum, iron, titanium, and REEs from bauxite residue. The residue generated in this process can be used in building materials and cementitious binders. Other processes with commercial potential are the Orbite, the pressure leaching, and the acid baking processes.

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Experimental and simulative study on phase transformation in Bayer red mud soda-lime roasting system and recovery of Al, Na and Fe

Cited by 107 publications

References 13 publications

Proposal for management and alkalinity transformation of bauxite residue in China

Proposal for management and alkalinity transformation of bauxite residue in China

Re‐using bauxite residues: benefits beyond (critical raw) material recovery

Recovery of Rare Earths and Other Valuable Metals From Bauxite Residue (Red Mud): A Review

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