Experimental Eikenella corrodens endocarditis in rabbits

Badger, S J; Bütler, Thomas; Kim, C K; Johnston, Kenneth H.

doi:10.1128/iai.23.3.751-757.1979

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Serum-resistant strains of E. coli required inocula of ca. 108 organisms (8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa required 107 to 109 organisms (1), Neisseria gonorrhoeae required 1 x 108 to 5 x 108 organisms (15), and Eikenella corrodens required 107 to 109 organisms (2). These large inocula are likely to be necessitated by factors governing the adherence of bacteria to vegetations as well as the ability to evade host defense mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of these experiments was to establish an animal model for this infection. The catheterized rabbit model for endocarditis (12) was chosen because it has proved useful and reliable in the study of other human pathogens, including another fastidious oral bacterium, Eikenella corrodens (2). Once the ability of the DF-2 bacterium to cause endocarditis was established, we sought to enhance the susceptibility of rabbits to infection by altering their immune defenses by corticosteriod treatment and splenectomy.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Enhancement of experimental bacteremia and endocarditis caused by dysgonic fermenter (DF-2) bacterium after treatment with methylprednisolone and after splenectomy

Bütler¹,

Johnston²,

Gutierrez³

et al. 1985

Infect Immun

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The dysgonic fermenter-2 bacterium is a newly recognized fastidious gram-negative bacillus that causes bacteremia and sometimes endocarditis in immunocompromised persons after they are bitten by dogs. To develop an experimental model of this infection, we placed polyethylene catheters across the aortic valves of New Zealand white rabbits, which were inoculated intravenously the next day with dysgonic fermenter-2 bacteria. After 1 week, the rabbits were killed and the endocardial vegetations were homogenized for quantitative culture. Large inocula (1.3 x 1010 to 2.1 x 1010 viable bacteria) were required to produce infected vegetations. All infected rabbits had negative blood cultures at the time of autopsy and most developed serum agglutinins against dysgonic fermenter-2 bacteria. Three daily injections of methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg), starting the day before inoculation, significantly increased the incidence of endocarditis and the number of bacteria per gram of infected vegetation (P < 0.05). Treatment with methylprednisolone prolonged the initial bacteremia and caused significant increases in the numbers of bacteria per gram of blood, spleen, and liver compared with those of untreated controls (P < 0.05). Rabbits that had previously undergone splenectomy showed prolongation of the initial bacteremia but no significant increase in the incidence of infected vegetations. These results showed that the dysgonic fermenter-2 bacterium is a pathogen that causes endocarditis in rabbits but that it requires a large inoculum and produces blood culture-negative infections. Treatment with methylprednisolone enhances infection by prolonging the initial bacteremia and probably by diminishing bactericidal activity in the vegetations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of experimental bacteremia and endocarditis caused by dysgonic fermenter (DF-2) bacterium after treatment with methylprednisolone and after splenectomy

Bütler¹,

Johnston²,

Gutierrez³

et al. 1985

Infect Immun

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“…This high complication rate may, in part, be due to several difficulties with the isolation and identification of E. corrodens in routine clinical specimens or the failure of the clinician to recognize its pathogenic potential and to select appropriate antimicrobial therapy when it is isolated (7, 9; Goldstein et al, in press). Sparse data exist on the prevalence of E. corrodens in the oral cavity (1,2,13,16).…”

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Prevalence of Eikenella corrodens in dental plaque

Goldstein¹,

Tarenzi²,

Agyare³

et al. 1983

J Clin Microbiol

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The prevalence of Eikenella corrodens in dental plaque and saliva samples of 282 volunteers was determined by a semiquantitative method with a selective medium. E. corrodens was recovered in 58.9% of plaque samples and 0.3% of saliva samples. This prevalence rate was not significantly altered (P > 0.05) by variables of sex, race, smoking habits, clinic attended by the patient, general health status, or age; however, patients 7 to 14 years old had a significantly higher prevalence rate (90.5%; P < 0.05). E. corrodens should be considered as a potential pathogen in infections associated with and wounds inoculated by the human gingival flora.

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“…57:315, 1978) consider them to be a member of the normal oral flora. Interestingly, Badger and co-workers (1) were able to produce an experimental endocarditis in rabbits with E. corrodens strain 1073.…”

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Transmission-scanning electron microscopic observations of selected Eikenella corrodens strains

Progulske¹,

Holt²

1980

J Bacteriol

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The morphology of Eikenella corrodens 333/54-55 (ATCC 23834) and two human periodontal lesion isolates, strains 470 and 373, was examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. All strains exhibited a cell envelope characteristic of gram-negative bacteria. Staining with ruthenium red and alcian blue revealed a loosely organized fibrous slime layer associated with the outer surface of the outer membrane. Slime "stabilization" was achieved by incubation of cells with antisera prepared against whole cells of the Eikenella strains. The stabilized slime appeared as a thick, electron-opaque layer juxtaposed to the outer membrane. Negative staining and heavy metal shadow-casting revealed an interwoven network of fibrils approximately 4 nm in diameter. These fibrils appeared to represent subunits of a larger fibril. Scanning electron microscopy after antibody slime stabilization confirmed the presence and location of the slime layer.

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Experimental Eikenella corrodens endocarditis in rabbits

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Enhancement of experimental bacteremia and endocarditis caused by dysgonic fermenter (DF-2) bacterium after treatment with methylprednisolone and after splenectomy

Enhancement of experimental bacteremia and endocarditis caused by dysgonic fermenter (DF-2) bacterium after treatment with methylprednisolone and after splenectomy

Prevalence of Eikenella corrodens in dental plaque

Transmission-scanning electron microscopic observations of selected Eikenella corrodens strains

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