Experimental evaluation and field trial of low global warming potential R404A replacements for commercial refrigeration

Makhnatch

Khodabandeh

2017

142

Recent investigations in HFCs substitution with lower GWP synthetic alternatives: focus on energetic performance and environmental impact  More studies about lower GWP refrigerants are needed to facilitate the phase-out HFCs.  HFO studies are mostly found in MAC and domestic refrigerators.  Stationary refrigeration equipment presents the major variety of studies.  Multipack centralized refrigeration systems studies are being dominated by CO 2 (R744).  R32 is limited by the discharge temperature and injection cycles are needed.  Mixtures could help to overcome pure fluids handicaps.

Section: Refrigerators and Freezers For Commercial Use (Hermetically mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent investigations in HFCs substitution with lower GWP synthetic alternatives: Focus on energetic performance and environmental impact

Makhnatch

Khodabandeh

2017

142

“…Even though both fluids present significantly lower heat transfer coefficients than R404A due to the refrigerant glide, the R449A coefficient is greater than the measured for R448A. Regarding the energy efficiency of both alternatives, Mota-Babiloni et al (2015b) have presented positive experimental results for R448A for food conservation and freezing conditions that have been confirmed by Sethi et al (2016) in a field trial evaluation. For R449A, Boscan and Sanchez (2015) have performed a compressor calorimeter test of this fluid and R404A but no field trial studies have been published.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Retrofit of lower GWP alternative R449A into an existing R404A indirect supermarket refrigeration system

Makhnatch

Rogstam

et al. 2017

 R449A is retrofitted into a R404A real supermarket refrigeration system.  Cooling capacity is lower for R449A.  COP of both refrigerants is comparable.  R449A discharge temperature is higher but still admissible.  TEWI analysis indicates that CO 2-eq. emissions of R449A are lower than R404A Abstract R404A is going to be phased out from most of the commercial refrigeration systems due to its high GWP value of 3943. R449A (GWP of 1282) has been proposed to replace R404A with only minor system modifications in supermarkets. This paper presents the measurements of a light retrofit replacement of R404A using R449A in a medium temperature indirect refrigeration system (secondary fluid temperature at the evaporator outlet between-9 and-4 °C). It has been demonstrated that with a slight expansion device adjustment and 4% increase of refrigerant charge, R449A can be used in this refrigeration system designed for R404A because of its suitable thermodynamic properties and acceptable maximum discharge temperature. At a secondary fluid temperature at condenser inlet of 30 °C, the COP of R449A nearly matches that of R404A (both were between 1.9 and 2.2), despite having approximately 13% lower cooling capacity. As a conclusion, attending to the GWP reduction and similar energy performance, it was demonstrated using the TEWI methodology that the use of the recently developed refrigerant R449A in these applications can reduce the total CO 2 equivalent emissions of an indirect supermarket refrigeration system designed for R404A refrigerant.

“…In measurements from an indirect supermarket refrigeration system [24], R449A also showed lower cooling capacity and comparable COP to R404A. However, Sethi et al [25] showed that in a walk-in freezer/cooler, R448A matches the capacity with 4 to 8% higher COP compared to R404A. Vaitkus and Dagilis [26] obtained poor results for R448A compared to R507A (refrigerant with thermodynamic behavior comparable to R404A) in a eutectic refrigerating system.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute published dew point-based results of compressor calorimeter tests of R454C [31] and R455A [32] in R404A reciprocating compressors. Sethi et al [25] used R455A in a R404A selfcontained freezer, and the 24-h energy consumption was 6% lower with the alternative. Minor et al [33] reported similar energy consumption between R404A and R454C in a reach-in freezer.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental drop-in replacement of R404A for warm countries using the low GWP mixtures R454C and R455A

Haro-Ortuño

Navarro-Esbrí

et al. 2018

HIGHLIGHTS  R454C and R455A have similar properties to R404A and low global warming potential.  The experimental operation and performance of these mixtures and R404A are compared.  The average alternatives cooling capacity is comparable to that of R404A.  The R454C and R455A energy performance is higher than that of R404A.  An internal heat exchanger does not provide significant benefits to R454C and R455A.