Experimental Infection of Young Pigs Following Intranasal Inoculation with Nasal, Gastric, or Cecal Trichomonads from Swine or with Trichomonas foetus

Fitzgerald, Paul R.; Johnson, Alexis; Hammond, Datus M.; Thorne, Joseph L.; Hibler, Charles P.

doi:10.2307/3274541

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, the experimental infection studies described above suggest that T. suis is likely transmitted from pigs to cattle [8,9]. In this study, we found that pigs can be infected with the cat genotype T. suis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…vaginitis and infertility) as cattle naturally infected with T. suis [9]. Furthermore, pigs have been successfully infected with cattle isolates of T. suis [8]. Cat isolates of T. suis have been shown to be capable of causing endometritis and vaginitis upon experimental infection of heifers; however, the endometrial damage caused by the cat isolates was less severe than that caused by cattle isolates in a parallel experiment [26].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Molecular Survey of Tritrichomonas suis (=T. foetus) ‘Cat’ and ‘Cattle’ Genotypes in Pigs in Japan

Doi

Abe

Oku

2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Tritrichomonas suis (=T. foetus) is a protozoan parasite of pigs, cattle and cats. Based on host range and genetic differences, T. suis has been divided into a 'cat genotype' and a 'cattle genotype', with the latter genotype capable of infecting both cattle and pigs. Since no information is currently available on the genetic characteristics of T. suis from pigs in Japan, we conducted a molecular survey of T. suis using fecal DNA from pigs in Japan. Of the 64 pigs examined, nested PCR revealed that 36 (56.3%) were positive for T. suis. Sequence analysis of 8 positive samples showed that 7 of the pig isolates belonged to the 'cattle genotype' and the remaining isolate belonged to the 'cat genotype'. The findings revealed that T. suis infection is common in pigs in Japan and that pigs can be infected by both genotypes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Survey of Tritrichomonas suis (=T. foetus) ‘Cat’ and ‘Cattle’ Genotypes in Pigs in Japan

Doi

Abe

Oku

2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…[3][4][5]14,20,21,27 Studies of cross-transmission between cattle and swine with T. foetus or T. suis have indicated little host specificity. 7,17 Beginning in 1996, several reports have documented the presence of large numbers of trichomonads in fecal specimens from young, densely housed cats with chronic large-bowel diarrhea. 10,22,23 On the basis of sequence identity of 18S rRNA, the feline organisms have been identified as T. foetus.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1 The organism has also been described as an inhabitant of the porcine gastrointestinal and nasal mucosa, where its pathogenicity is uncertain. 7,26 Tritrichomonas foetus and Tritrichomonas suis are considered to be strains of the same species on the basis of morphology, ultrastructural analysis, random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, enzyme homogeneity, and rRNA gene sequence identity. [3][4][5]14,20,21,27 Studies of cross-transmission between cattle and swine with T. foetus or T. suis have indicated little host specificity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Histologic Features Associated withTritrichomonas foetus-induced Colitis in Domestic Cats

Yaeger

Gookin

2005

Vet Pathol

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Abstract. Tritrichomonas foetus is a venereal pathogen of naturally bred cattle. In domestic cats, T. foetus colonizes the colon, resulting in chronic, large-bowel diarrhea. The infection is prevalent among young, densely housed cats, and there is no effective treatment. To the authors' knowledge, the characteristic microscopic lesions of T. foetus infection in naturally infected cats have not been described. The aim of the study reported here was to characterize the histologic changes in the colon of seven cats with T. foetus infection and chronic diarrhea. All cats were 1 year old or younger (mean, 6.7 6 1.7 months), and a diagnosis of T. foetus infection was made on the basis of direct fecal smear examination (five cats), fecal culture in InPouch TM TF medium (four cats), single-tube nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of DNA extracted from feces (two cats), or observation of trichomonads in sections of colon followed by PCR confirmation on DNA extracted from paraffinembedded tissue (two cats). The presence of colonic trichomonads was the most diagnostic histologic feature. Organisms were identified in all cats, but in only 24 of 43 (56%) sections of colon. Trichomonads were generally present in close proximity to the mucosal surface and less frequently in the lumen of colonic crypts. The presence of colonic trichomonads was consistently associated with mild-to-moderate lymphoplasmacytic and neutrophilic colitis, crypt epithelial cell hypertrophy, hyperplasia and increased mitotic activity, loss of goblet cells, crypt microabscesses, and attenuation of the superficial colonic mucosa. In two of the cats, histologic lesions were more severe and were associated with invasion of trichomonads into the lamina propria and/or deeper layers of the colon.

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“…The organism has also been described as a parasite of the porcine gastrointestinal and nasal mucosa, where its pathogenicity is uncertain (7,15). Recently, T. foetus was identified in fecal samples from large numbers of cats with chronic large-bowel diarrhea (9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Single-Tube Nested PCR for Detection ofTritrichomonasfoetusin Feline Feces

Gookin¹,

Birkenheuer²,

et al. 2002

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Tritrichomonas foetus, a venereal pathogen of cattle, was recently identified as an inhabitant of the large intestine in young domestic cats with chronic diarrhea. Recognition of the infection in cats has been mired by unfamiliarity with T. foetus in cats as well as misdiagnosis of the organisms as Pentatrichomonas hominis or Giardia sp. when visualized by light microscopy. The diagnosis of T. foetus presently depends on the demonstration of live organisms by direct microscopic examination of fresh feces or by fecal culturing. As T. foetus organisms are fastidious and fragile, routine flotation techniques and delayed examination and refrigeration of feces are anticipated to preclude the diagnosis in numerous cases. The objective of this study was to develop a sensitive and specific PCR test for the diagnosis of feline T. foetus infection. A single-tube nested PCR was designed and optimized for the detection of T. foetus in feline feces by using a combination of novel (TFITS-F and TFITS-R) and previously described (TFR3 and TFR4) primers. The PCR is based on the amplification of a conserved portion of the T. foetus internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1 and ITS2) and the 5.8S rRNA gene. The absolute detection limit of the single-tube nested PCR was 1 organism, while the practical detection limit was 10 organisms per 200 mg of feces. Specificity was examined by using P. hominis, Giardia lamblia, and feline genomic DNA. Our results demonstrate that the single-tube nested PCR is ideally suited for (i) diagnostic testing of feline fecal samples that are found negative by direct microscopy and culturing and (ii) definitive identification of microscopically observable or cultivated organisms.

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Experimental Infection of Young Pigs Following Intranasal Inoculation with Nasal, Gastric, or Cecal Trichomonads from Swine or with Trichomonas foetus

Cited by 22 publications

References 3 publications

Molecular Survey of <i>Tritrichomonas suis </i>(<i>=T. foetus</i>) ‘Cat’ and ‘Cattle’ Genotypes in Pigs in Japan

Molecular Survey of <i>Tritrichomonas suis </i>(<i>=T. foetus</i>) ‘Cat’ and ‘Cattle’ Genotypes in Pigs in Japan

Histologic Features Associated withTritrichomonas foetus-induced Colitis in Domestic Cats

Single-Tube Nested PCR for Detection ofTritrichomonasfoetusin Feline Feces

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