Experimental Investigation and Energy Performance Simulation of Mongolian Ger with ETS Heater and Solar PV in Ulaanbaatar City

Abstract

There are approximately 200,000 households living in detached houses and gers (yurts) with small coal stoves that burn raw coal in Ulaanbaatar city. A proper heating system and improvement of the energy efficiency of residential dwellings are vitally important for Ulaanbaatar city to reduce air pollution as well as for the operation of the current central energy system. This study shows the experimental results for two gers with two different heating systems and different thermal insulation, for investigating the merits of each. The technical feasibility of the system consisting of an electric thermal storage (ETS) heater with a daytime charging schedule and areal photovoltaic (PV) system was also examined by using a simulation with software developed in MATLAB (R2020a, MathWorks, USA). As a result of the experiment, the indoor comfort level and energy efficiency of the ger with added insulation and an ETS heater with nighttime charging were shown to be enhanced compared with those of the reference ger. The ger with added insulation and the ETS heater consumed 3169 kWh for electric appliances and 5989 kWh for the heating season. The simulation showed that the PV self-consumption rate is 76% for the Ger 2 with the ETS heater because of the daytime charging schedule of the ETS heater. The PV system supplied 31% of the total energy consumed, with the remaining 69% from the main grid.

Indoor thermal environment of Mongolian traditional mobile housing used as urban habitat in winter

“…Note that 90% of the electricity in Mongolia was generated by coal-fired thermal power plants, and the contribution of renewable energy was only 8% in 2018 [14]. On the other hand, Bayandelger et al [15] conducted a field experiment to assess the feasibility of electric thermal storage utilizing photovoltaics (PV) in a ger with additional insulation. They pointed out that 31% of the energy demand of an electric thermal storage heater could be supplied by a PV system.…”

Correlation between simulations and measurements of an eco-house design for Mongolia

“…Traditionally, Mongolians lived in Gers, which are portable "Yurt" tent like dwellings. There have been a number of studied [10][11][12] of energy consumption and thermal comfort of these structures. However, since more Mongolians have settled down in the traditional Ger areas, many have moved into detached houses next to their Ger.…”