Experimental Investigation of Fuel Influence on Atomization and Spray Propagation Using an Outwardly Opening GDI-Injector

Mathieu, Florian; Reddemann, Manuel Armin; Martin, Diana; Kneer, Reinhold

doi:10.4271/2010-01-2275

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Outward opening injectors have the potential to address typical problems related to spray-guided GDI configurations (close-spacing concept) due to better air utilization than multi-hole sprays, good penetration during early injection, and the spray angle being almost independent of backpressure [108]. The conical shape and zero SAC volume of the nozzle passage of outward opening injectors prevents carbon formation, and the robustness of the inward opening injectors against fouling can be improved by appropriately designing the needle tip and seat [109]. The deposit built up may only influence spray pattern, not the flow rate [108].…”

Section: Gdi Injector Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fuel injector deposits in direct-injection spark-ignition engines

Wang

et al. 2015

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

156

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Controlling fuel injector deposits is recognised as a challenge for advanced direct-injection sparkignition (DISI) engines. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of the research on formation, measurement, effect, and mitigation of injector deposits in DISI engines. Methodologies for the injector deposit studies include visual and compositional analysis. It is shown that injector deposits will reduce injector fuel flow rates, and lead to changes in spray characteristics. Consequently, spray angle and envelope are likely to be affected, and spray penetration distance as well as droplet diameter can be increased. Injector deposits are revealed to be primarily fuel-derived and created by two distinct free radical pathways, i.e., low temperature auto-oxidation and high temperature pyrolysis. Fuel compositions (olefins, aromatics, and sulphur), as well as T90 parameter, are significant factors in injector deposit formation. The worst consequences of injector fouling are pre-ignition, and engine misfiring and malfunction. Emissions, especially particulates, dramatically increase as the fuel injector becomes fouled. It appears that fuel detergent is the most effective method in controlling injector deposit formation if its chemistry and dosage rate are optimized. Outward opening piezo-driven injector configuration with a good surface finish, a sharp nozzle inlet, and a counter bore design, is useful in preventing injector deposit formation. Reducing injector nozzle temperature by methods such as designing special injector cooling passages, and improving engine design are also proven to be 2 helpful in reducing injector fouling. Anti-deposit coatings only delay the onset of injector deposit formation.

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Section: Gdi Injector Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deposit built up may only influence spray pattern, not the flow rate [108]. The new generation of outward opening piezo-driven injectors have better performances than, or comparable to those of solenoid injectors [109][110][111]. Preussner et al [105] compared these three types of injectors.…”

Section: Gdi Injector Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel injector deposits in direct-injection spark-ignition engines

Wang

et al. 2015

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

156

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“…This biofuel family has been extensively investigated in terms of productions, engine performance, and combustion chemistry [3][4][5][6]. For THFA, studies on production methods [1,2], atomization/spray propagation [7], ignition characteristics [8] are known, and it has been suggested as a biofuel candidate for SI engines [8]. The hydroxyl group could lend THFA better anti-knock characteristic compared to other THF fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and modeling study of the high-temperature combustion chemistry of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol

Tran

Carstensen

Foo

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

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Lignocellulosic tetrahydrofuranic (THF) biofuels have been identified as promising fuel candidates for spark-ignition (SI) engines. To support the potential use as transportation biofuels, fundamental studies of their combustion and emission behavior are highly important. In the present study, the high-temperature (HT) combustion chemistry of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA), a THF based biofuel, was investigated using a comprehensive experimental and numerical approach. Representative chemical species profiles in a stoichiometric premixed methane flame doped with ~20% (molar) THFA at 5.3 kPa were measured using online gas chromatography. The flame temperature was obtained by NO laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) thermometry. More than 40 chemical products were identified and quantified. Many of them such as ethylene, formaldehyde, acrolein, allyl alcohol, 2,3-dihydrofuran, 3,4-dihydropyran, 4-pentenal, and tetrahydrofuran-2carbaldehyde are fuel-specific decomposition products formed in rather high concentrations. In the numerical part, as a complement to kinetic modeling, high-level theoretical calculations were performed to identify plausible reaction pathways that lead to the observed products. Furthermore, the rate coefficients of important reactions and the thermochemical properties of the related species were calculated. A detailed kinetic model for high-temperature combustion of THFA was developed, which reasonably predicts the experimental data. Subsequent rate analysis showed that THFA is mainly consumed by H-abstraction reactions yielding several fuel radicals that in turn undergo either β-scission reactions or intramolecular radical addition that effectively leads to ring enlargement. The importance of specific reaction channels generally correlates with bond dissociation energies. Along THFA reaction routes, the derived species with cis configuration were found to be thermodynamically more stable than their corresponding trans configuration, which differs from usual observations for hydrocarbons.

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“…This is given in eq. (12). In addition to the decrease in velocity, the increase in the ambient density increases the intensity of the aerodynamic forces which strengthen the splitting.…”

Section: Effect Of Ambient Temperature and Pressure On Spray Penetrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of the Spray Characteristics in an Outwardly-Opening Piezoelectric Gasoline Injector for Different Ambient Conditions

Taş¹,

Karamangil²

2019

Uludağ University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering

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In this study, the spray characteristics of an outwardly-opening injector have been investigated numerically. Numerical analyses are carried out by taking temperature and pressure statuses of the internal combustion engine in cold temperature operations into consideration. The effects of these parameters on the evaporation rate, penetration, spray morphology, angle of the fuel spray and the Sauter Mean Diameter were key issues to be addressed. N-heptane fuel was used and the Kelvin-Helmholtz / Rayleigh-Taylor breakup model was adopted. The analyses were performed in the comprehensive environment of Fluent software. It was observed that the results complied with experimental data taking part in literature. Consequences demonstrated that increasing the ambient pressure intensified vortex formation, decreased penetration and increased fuel cone angle by forming a more compact fuel bundle. In addition, it was ascertained that the effect of the temperature parameter on the evaporation was less effective than the pressure parameter.

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Experimental Investigation of Fuel Influence on Atomization and Spray Propagation Using an Outwardly Opening GDI-Injector

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Fuel injector deposits in direct-injection spark-ignition engines

Fuel injector deposits in direct-injection spark-ignition engines

Experimental and modeling study of the high-temperature combustion chemistry of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol

Numerical Investigation of the Spray Characteristics in an Outwardly-Opening Piezoelectric Gasoline Injector for Different Ambient Conditions

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