Experimental investigation of geologically produced antineutrinos with KamLAND

Araki, Tomoaki; Enomoto, S.; Furuno, K.; Gando, Y.; Ichimura, Kunihiro; Ikeda, H.; Inoue, K.; Kishimoto, Y.; Koga, M.; Koseki, Y.; Maeda, Tsuyoshi; Mitsui, Tadao; Motoki, M.; Nakajima, K.; Ogawa, Hiroshi; Ogawa, Masayuki; Owada, K.; Ricol, J. S.; Shimizu, I.; Shirai, J.; Suekane, F.; Suzuki, A.; Tada, Kohei; Takeuchi, S.; Tamae, K.; Tsuda, Yusuke; Watanabe, Hiroko; Busenitz, J.; Classen, T.; Djurcic, Z.; Keefer, G.; Leonard, D. S.; Piepke, A.; Yakushev, E.; Berger, B. E.; Chan, Y. D.; Decowski, M. P.; Dwyer, D. A.; Freedman, S. J.; Fujikawa, B. K.; Goldman, J.; Gray, F.; Heeger, K. M.; Hsu, L.; Lesko, K. T.; Luk, K. B.; Murayama, Hitoshi; O’Donnell, T.; Poon, A. W. P.; Steiner, H. M.; Winslow, L. A.; Mauger, C.; McKeown, R. D.; Vogel, P.; Lane, C.; Miletic, T.; Guillian, G.; Learned, J. G.; Maricic, J.; Matsuno, S.; Pakvasa, Sandip; Horton-Smith, G. A.; Dazeley, S.; Hatakeyama, S.; Rojas, Alma D.; Svoboda, R.; Dieterle, B.; Detwiler, J. A.; Gratta, G.; Ishii, K.; Tolich, N.; Uchida, Y.; Batygov, M.; Bugg, W.; Efremenko, Y. V.; Kamyshkov, Y.; Kozlov, A.; Nakamura, Yuya; Karwowski, H. J.; Markoff, D. M.; Nakamura, K.; Rohm, Ryan; Tornow, W.; Wendell, R.; Chen, M.J.; Wang, Yifang; Piquemal, F.

doi:10.1038/nature03980

Cited by 387 publications

(376 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Hence the geological community welcomes information carried by geoneutrinos from the otherwise inaccessible inner Earth. This was made evident by the reception of the first KamLAND results on the measurement of geo-neutrinos (mostly from the local crust in Japan), published as a cover article in the 28 July 2005 issue of Nature (Araki et al, 2005a). This paper heralding the first positive detection of Earth's total radioactivity marks a beginning for neutrino geophysics, long a tantalizing goal (Eder 1966;Avilez et al, 1981;Krauss et al, 1984).…”

Section: Measurement Of Geo-neutrinosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth Radioactivity Measurements with a Deep Ocean Anti-neutrino Observatory

et al. 2006

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Abstract. We consider the detector size, location, depth, background, and radio-purity required of a mid-Pacific deep-ocean instrument to accomplish the twin goals of making a definitive measurement of the electron anti-neutrino flux due to uranium and thorium decays from Earth's mantle and core, and of testing the hypothesis for a natural nuclear reactor at the core of Earth. We take the experience with the KamLAND detector in Japan as our baseline for sensitivity and background estimates. We conclude that an instrument adequate to accomplish these tasks should have an exposure of at least 10 kilotonneyears (kT-y), should be placed at least at 4 km depth, may be located close to the Hawaiian Islands (no significant background from them), and should aim for KamLAND radio-purity levels, except for radon where it should be improved by a factor of at least 100. With an exposure of 10 kT-y we should achieve a 25% measurement of the flux of U/Th neutrinos from the mantle plus core. Exposure at multiple ocean locations for testing lateral heterogeneity is possible.

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Section: Measurement Of Geo-neutrinosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth Radioactivity Measurements with a Deep Ocean Anti-neutrino Observatory

et al. 2006

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“…KamLAND and Borexino have observed geo-neutrinos with similar precision [203,[239][240][241] . Borexino has significantly greater radiopurity and lesser reactor flux than KamLAND, allowing Borexino to make the measurement in 5% of the exposure of KamLAND.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The next-generation liquid-scintillator neutrino observatory LENA

Wurm

Beacom

Bezrukov

et al. 2012

Astroparticle Physics

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2As part of the European LAGUNA design study on a next-generation neutrino detector, we propose the liquid-scintillator detector LENA (Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy) as a multipurpose neutrino observatory. The outstanding successes of the Borexino and KamLAND experiments demonstrate the large potential of liquid-scintillator detectors in low-energy neutrino physics. Low energy threshold, good energy resolution and efficient background discrimination are inherent to the liquidscintillator technique. A target mass of 50 kt will offer a substantial increase in detection sensitivity.At low energies, the variety of detection channels available in liquid scintillator will allow for an energy-and flavor-resolved analysis of the neutrino burst emitted by a galactic Supernova. Due to target mass and background conditions, LENA will also be sensitive to the faint signal of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background. Solar metallicity, time-variation in the solar neutrino flux and deviations from MSW-LMA survival probabilities can be investigated based on unprecedented statistics. Low background conditions allow to search for dark matter by observing rare annihilation neutrinos. The large number of events expected for geoneutrinos will give valuable information on the abundances of Uranium and Thorium and their relative ratio in the Earth's crust and mantle. Reactor neutrinos enable a high-precision measurement of solar mixing parameters. A strong radioactive or pion decay-at-rest neutrino source can be placed close to the detector to investigate neutrino oscillations for short distances and sub-MeV to MeV energies.At high energies, LENA will provide a new lifetime limit for the SUSY-favored proton decay mode into kaon and antineutrino, surpassing current experimental limits by about one order of magnitude. Recent studies have demonstrated that a reconstruction of momentum and energy of GeV particles is well feasible in liquid scintillator. Monte Carlo studies on the reconstruction of the complex event topologies found for neutrino interactions at multi-GeV energies have shown promising results. If this is confirmed, LENA might serve as far detector in a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment currently investigated in LAGUNA-LBNO.3

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“…Better understanding and thus greater exposure to geo-neutrinos would improve the accuracy of the radiogenic heating estimate by constraining the thermal evolution (Dye, 2014). Some useful geo-neutrino information has already been obtained from the Kamland (Araki et al, 2005) and Borexino (Agostini et al, 2015) experiments. The Hawaiian Anti-Neutrino Observatory (Hanohano) is a proposed experiment to build a liquid scintillator detector, similar to Kamland, with an overall exposure of 10 kiloton-years located 4 kilometers deep in the ocean in the vicinity of the Big Island of Hawaii (Maricic and the Hanohano collaboration, 2011).…”

Section: Geophysical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%