The next-generation liquid-scintillator neutrino observatory LENA

Wurm, M.; Beacom, J. F.; Bezrukov, L.; Bick, D.; Blümer, J.; Choubey, Sandhya; Ciemniak, Christian; D’Angelo, D.; Dasgupta, Basudeb; Derbin, A.; Dighe, Amol; Domogatsky, G. V.; Dye, Steve; Eliseev, Sergey; Enqvist, T.; Erykalov, A. N.; Feilitzsch, F. von; Fiorentini, G.; Fischer, Tobias; Göger‐Neff, M.; Grabmayr, P.; Hagner, C.; Hellgartner, D.; Hissa, J.; Horiuchi, Shunsaku; Janka, H. Th.; Jaupart, Claude; Jochum, J.; Kalliokoski, T.; Kayunov, A.; Kuusiniemi, P.; Lachenmaier, T.; Lazanu, I.; Learned, J. G.; Lewke, T.; Lombardi, P.; Lorenz, Sebastian; Лубсандоржиев, Б.; Ludhová, L.; Loo, Kai; Maalampi, J.; Mantovani, Fabio; Marafini, M.; Maricic, J.; Undagoitia, T. Marrodán; McDonough, William F.; Miramonti, L.; Mirizzi, Alessandro; Meindl, Q.; Mena, Olga; Möllenberg, R.; Muratova, V.; Nahnhauer, R.; Nesterenko, D. A.; Novikov, Yu. N.; Nuijten, G.; Oberauer, L.; Pakvasa, Sandip; Palomares‐Ruiz, Sergio; Pallavicini, M.; Pascoli, Silvia; Patzak, T.; Peltoniemi, J.; Potzel, W.; Räihä, T. S.; Raffelt, Georg G.; Ranucci, G.; Razzaque, S.; Rummukainen, Kari; Sarkamo, J.; Sinev, V. V.; Spiering, Christian; Stahl, A.; Thörne, F.; Tippmann, M.; Tonazzo, A.; Trzaska, W. H.; Vergados, J.D.; Wiebusch, C. H.; Winter, J.

doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2012.02.011

Cited by 213 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 337 publications

(448 reference statements)

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“…The central detector of JUNO will be by far the largest neutrino detector using a target of organic liquid scintillator, surpassing all present-day liquid-scintillator detectors by at least a factor 20 in mass. Our study can also be useful for future large scale detectors upwards of 50 kilotons, such as the LENA experiment 50 . …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rayleigh scattering of linear alkylbenzene in large liquid scintillator detectors

Zhou

Liu

Wurm

et al. 2015

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Rayleigh scattering poses an intrinsic limit for the transparency of organic liquid scintillators. This work focuses on the Rayleigh scattering length of linear alkylbenzene (LAB), which will be used as the solvent of the liquid scintillator in the central detector of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory. We investigate the anisotropy of the Rayleigh scattering in LAB, showing that the resulting Rayleigh scattering length will be significantly shorter than reported before. Given the same overall light attenuation, this will result in a more efficient transmission of photons through the scintillator, increasing the amount of light collected by the photosensors and thereby the energy resolution of the detector.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rayleigh scattering of linear alkylbenzene in large liquid scintillator detectors

Zhou

Liu

Wurm

et al. 2015

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…In addition, the neutrino source from this work can be useful for electron-neutrino detection studies with future's gigantic liquid-scintillator detectors (LSDs) such as LENA [49].…”

Section: B Scintillator Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New neutrino source for the study of solar neutrino physics in the vacuum-matter transition region

et al. 2016

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Production of a neutrino source through proton induced reaction is studied by using the particle transport code, GEANT4. Unstable isotope such as 27 Si can be produced when 27 Al target is bombarded by 15 MeV energetic proton beams. One of the future open issues related to the vacuum-matter transition region in the solar neutrino physics is the determination of the electron-neutrino survival probability P(ν e → ν e ) in that region [14], which is also closely related to questions such as existence of sterile neutrinos [15,16] and/or the non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI) [17], roles of CNO cycle in the Sun (metallicity problem) [18, 19], etc.For this reason, it becomes of importance to detect in detail the solar neutrino in the transition region. Moreover, it would be more efficient if we have the controllable neutrino source in the energy region, which may enable us to extract both the total number and the energy distribution of neutrinos in a more accurate way, with the more elaborate detection system. In this work, we propose an accelerator based new artificial electron-neutrino source for the experiments of the vacuum-matter transition region. By adjusting the incident proton energy, we can produce a specific unstable isotope as an efficient electron-neutrino source. Unstable isotope, 27 Si, is our main neutrino source, which can be produced through 27 Al(p,n) 27 Si reaction and emits electron-neutrinos through radioactive decay processes. In this case, the neutrinos can have the energy similar to the transition region.We outline the paper in the following way. In Sec. II, we summarize the simulation method used in this work. Benchmarking simulations for 27 Al(p,n) 27 Si reaction, calculations for 27 Si yields and energy spectra of electron-neutrinos from decay of 27 Si are presented in 3 Sec. III. Electron-neutrino detections, event rate of the scattered electron and possibility of detecting the sterile neutrino are discussed in Sec. IV and V, respectively. The summary is given in Sec. VI. II. SIMULATION METHODAs an electron-neutrino source, we consider 27 Si isotope in this work, which can be produced through 27 Al(p,n) 27 Si reaction with a threshold energy E th of 5.803 MeV. To evaluate 27 Si yields produced by proton beams on 27 Al target, we use the particle transport code, GEANT4 (GEometry ANd Tracking) v10.1 [20, 21], which is a tool kit that allows for microscopic Monte Carlo simulations of particles interacting with materials.For proton inelastic scattering, four different hadronic models such as "G4BertiniCascade" [22], "G4BinaryCascade" [23], "G4Precompound" [24] and "G4INCLCascade" [25] are available in GEANT4 (v10.1). To check the validity of the models, we first perform simulations of 27 Si production by p + 27 Al reaction and compare the calculated results with the experimental data taken from the EXFOR database [26]. For brevity, we refer to GEANT4 simulations with "G4BertiniCascade", "G4BinaryCascade", "G4Precompound" and "G4INCLCascade" as "G4BERTI", "G4BC", "G4PRECOM" and "G4INCL", ...

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“…In the future, there are several plans of geoneutrino detectors at different locations; the SNO+ detector close to completing the construction in Canada [Chen 2006], the JUNO detector in China [Han et al 2016], the LENA detector in Europe [Wurm et al 2012], and the movable Hanohano detector in a deep ocean [Learned et al 2008]. Those detectors will have LS mass larger than KamLAND, so we expect the reduction of the statistical uncertainties on the measured o the geo o − e contribution from the mantle is only about one fourth of the total geo o − e flux, and may be estimated based on the subtraction of the crustal contribution depending on the crustal model.…”

Section: Future Prospectmentioning

confidence: 99%