Experimental investigation of the effects of direct water injection parameters on engine performance in a six-stroke engine

In the study AVL BOOST™ is used to perform a thermodynamic simulation of a six-stroke engine, being built by a research team based in Saudi Arabia. The six-stroke cycle consists of a standard four-stroke Otto Cycle followed by a heat recovering steam expansion cycle. Water is injected into the hot combustion chamber towards the end of the Otto expansion stroke producing steam, which is used to perform work on a piston. This process produces power using waste heat and therefore increases the overall efficiency of the engine. The Robin EY28D engine, which is a single cylinder, four-stroke, gasoline engine was used for this simulation study. The engine was modelled and converted into six-stroke engine in AVL BOOST. The results show that six-stroke engine is more efficient than four-stroke engine. In six-stroke engine, the engine power is increased by 33.1% and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) is decreased by approximately 16%. Where emissions are concerned, Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emission from six-stroke engine is reduced by 80%, while the Hydrocarbon (HC) emission increases by 85% compared with the original 4-stroke. Moreover, the most efficient camshaft was found and designed according to the most efficient valve profile for this engine, which is combination of 60CA° of valve duration and 10 mm of valve lifting.

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“…Power output increased by 10% with water injection. Moreover, HC and CO emission decreased by 18.23% and 21.97% until 3000 rpm respectively [2].…”

Section: Effect Of Direct Water Injection Parameters On Engine Performentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This is due to a decrease of in-cylinder temperature at the end of combustion. In fact, NOx emission increases with maximum in-cylinder temperature and pressure [2]. Thus, Injection of water in the six-stroke engine helps to reduce in-cylinder temperature, which helps to prevent formation of NOx.…”

Section: Exhaust Emissions Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

6-Stroke Engine: Thermodynamic Modelling and Design for Testing

et al. 2019

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“…where (17), in-cylinder temperature and O 2 concentration are the major factors that influence the formation of NO x emissions, and both are impacted by steam injection. Apart from these factors, it should be noted that the NO x emission kinetics formation scheme may be changed by steam injection.…”

Section: No X Formation Kinetic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of In-Cylinder Steam Injection in a Turbocharged Diesel Engine for Waste Heat Recovery and NOx Emission Control

Zhang

Li-fu

2018

Energies

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In this study, an in-cylinder steam injection method is introduced and applied to a turbocharged diesel engine for waste heat recovery and NO x emission reduction. In the method, cool water was first heated into superheated steam by exhaust. Then the superheated steam was directly injected into the cylinder during the compression stroke. The potential for fuel savings and NO x emission reduction obtained by this method was investigated. First, a two-zone combustion model for the baseline engine was established and calibrated with the experimental data. Based on the model, the effects of steam injection mass, temperature, and timing on engine performance and NO x emission were investigated. The results demonstrate that in-cylinder steam injection can improve engine performance and reduce NO x emissions significantly at all engine speeds. Optimal steam injection mass is obtained under full load at engine speed from 1000 rpm to 1900 rpm when the steam injection timing and temperature are −30 • and 550 K, respectively. Under those conditions, engine torque is increased by 9.5-10.9%, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) is reduced by 8.6-9.9%, and NO x emission is decreased by 83.4-91.8%. Steam injection mass and injection timing are the main parameters that significantly affect engine performance and NO x emission.

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“…Miller and Atkinson cycles are the modified versions of conventional cycles, such as Otto and Diesel cycles. Another modified cycle is the six-stroke cycle, and the invention of this cycle dates back to the 1880s [2]. While sixstroke engines are structurally very similar to four-stroke engines, engine development has always been on four-stroke engines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, fuel economy is more important than engine power. Six-stroke engines are not a forgotten invention, but a potentially pending invention [1][2][3]. Although the thermal efficiency of six-stroke engines is high, the specific engine volume (displacement volume/power) is also high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic analysis of endoreversible six-stroke Otto cycle with respect to equivalence ratio, residual gas fraction and mean piston speed

Arabacı

2019

International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies

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The analysis of the six-stroke Otto cycle was performed using the finitetime thermodynamics dependence on mean piston speed, equivalence ratio and residual gas fraction. In the analysis, friction loss, internal irreversibilities, heat transfer losses were taken into account by empirical correlations. Relations between power output, thermal efficiency, and compression ratio were obtained by detailed numerical examples. The results were presented as comparative for four-and six-stroke Otto cycle. It was assumed that the cycles operate with the same mixture flow per second so that both performances of cycles can be compared. The study showed that more fuel flow can be supplied to the six-stroke Otto cycle for the same mixture flow. However, there was a slight increase in the maximum cycle temperature. For this reason, the results are crucial in providing a good guideline for evaluating and improving the performance of real six-stroke Otto engines.

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Experimental investigation of the effects of direct water injection parameters on engine performance in a six-stroke engine

Cited by 62 publications

References 17 publications

6-Stroke Engine: Thermodynamic Modelling and Design for Testing

6-Stroke Engine: Thermodynamic Modelling and Design for Testing

Investigation of In-Cylinder Steam Injection in a Turbocharged Diesel Engine for Waste Heat Recovery and NOx Emission Control

Thermodynamic analysis of endoreversible six-stroke Otto cycle with respect to equivalence ratio, residual gas fraction and mean piston speed

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