Experimental Observations Upon Thirst and on Potassium Overdosage

Arden, Felix

doi:10.1038/icb.1934.15

Cited by 23 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The part played by potassium in drinking is interesting. The association between potassium deficiency and thirst seems well established (Black, 1957;Stanbury, 1958), and ingestion of potassium salts does not cause thirst or drinking according to Arden (1934) and Janssen (1936). These results are consistent with the cellular dehydration hypothesis, because loss of potassium might be expected to lead to cellular shrinkage, and administration of potassium should cause no alteration in cell size because most cells are freely permeable to potassium.…”

Section: Dand9cription Of a Typical Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking by nephrectomized rats injected with various substances

Fitzsimons¹

1961

The Journal of Physiology

126

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Gilman (1937), experimenting on normal dogs, observed that hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride, which cause cellular dehydration, gave rise to more drinking than hypertonic solutions of urea, which do not cause loss of cell water. He concluded that thirst is due to cellular dehydration.Experiments on dogs by Holmes & Gregersen (1950a, b) in which a variety of substances were given, confirmed that osmotically effective solutes cause most drinking and by implication most thirst, and Adolph, Barker & Hoy (1954) showed that sodium chloride was twice as powerful as urea in causing normal rats to drink. In both species, however, no simple quantitative relationship was found between the amount of substance injected and the amount of water drunk.In the present work it was thought that the analysis would be simplified if the kidneys were removed, because there could be no renal response to the substance, which could therefore act until neutralized by drinking, and the quantitative relation between the amount of substance injected and water drunk could thus be investigated. It was hoped that the cellular dehydration hypothesis of drinking would be tested in this way. METHODS Male albino rats, weighing between 150 and 400 g, were most commonly used in these experiments, but some female rats and a small number of hooded rats and ginger rats of both sexes were used also. Food (Diet 41, Bruce & Parkes, 1949) was available until the beginning of the experiment and water was available before and during the experiment from a drinking meter which enabled the time course of drinking to be recorded (Fitzsimons, 1958).Experimental procedure Each animal was anaesthetized with open ether and the external jugular vein catheterized by a soft polyvinyl chloride tube, outside diameter 1 mm. The tip of the catheter was advanced to the right atrium to miniimize the complication of dead space when injections were being made. The catheter was brought subcutaneously to the back of the neck and about 2 cm was left projecting through a stab wound in the skin. The catheter, which was filled with 0*9 % sodium chloride solution, was closed with a small plug.Bilateral nephrectomy was then carried out through a dorsal incision. A clean surgical technique was employed, but no aseptic precautions were taken because the experiments 36-2

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Section: Dand9cription Of a Typical Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking by nephrectomized rats injected with various substances

Fitzsimons¹

1961

The Journal of Physiology

126

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“…Evidence concerning this theory has been reviewed by Andersson (1971) and by Fitzsimons (1972). An example of the 'osmoreceptor' mechanism is that injection or ingestion of hypertonic NaCl causes in man the sensation of thirst (Arden, 1934;Wolf, 1950) and causes experimental animals to drink (iDi Salvo, 1955;Fitzsimons, 1961Fitzsimons, , 1963Holmes & Gregerson, 1950;Olsson, 1972;Wolf, 1950). In experiments on drinking, NaCl provides a stimulus which can be accurately reproduced and which is accepted as producing drinking by stimulation of the supposed receptors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking by dogs during and after running.

O'Connor¹

1975

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Drinking by dogs has been studied during and after running on a treadmill, and compared with the drinking produced by NaCi given by stomach tube or intravenously.2. When water was offered with a delay of more than 5 min after the end of a run producing loss of 30-90 g water by panting, the drinking was similar to that produced by NaCl, assuming that loss of 100 g water produces the same increase in plasma sodium as 15 m-mole NaCl. It is thus possible to explain drinking with a delay after the run as due to loss of water.3. When water was offered immediately after a run or during pauses in the running there was drinking which cannot be explained as due to loss of water. Although the immediate stimulus to drinking is small, it may cause repeated small drinks by which the evaporative loss of water during running is matched by water intake. 4. Water (10-20 ml./kg body wt.) given by stomach tube before the run reduced or abolished drinking during running. Doses of water sufficient to stop drinking did not cause an increase in urine volume.5. From these results a figure is produced placing in order mechanisms which may contribute to the control of water balance.

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“…Arden (1934) was one of the first to suggest that thirst may be governed or stimulated by sodium alone, because ingestion of potassium chloride or bicarbonate produced no drinking. Gilman (1937) substantiated this finding after injecting subjects with equal osmotic concentrations of sodium chloride and urea: drinking was greater after sodium chloride injection.…”

Section: Sodium-osmotic Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 97%

The Consequences of Exercise on Thirst and Fluid Intake

Greenleaf¹

1991

Thirst

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Experimental Observations Upon Thirst and on Potassium Overdosage

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Drinking by nephrectomized rats injected with various substances

Drinking by nephrectomized rats injected with various substances

Drinking by dogs during and after running.

The Consequences of Exercise on Thirst and Fluid Intake

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