Experimental Study and Response Surface Methodology for Investigation of FSP Process

Węglowski, M. S.

doi:10.2478/meceng-2014-0031

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This strategy aims to optimize the response time. The development of an approximation model for the true response surface is required for the RSM to be used in reality [31]. The RSM searches for a suitable approximation relationship between input and output variables to find the best operating conditions for a system or a portion of the factor field that complies with the requirements.…”

Section: Response Surface Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of in-Vehicle Carbon Dioxide Level in a 5-Seat Car

Jayasankar¹,

Subbaian²

2022

sv-jme

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The air quality in a car’s cabin can be five times worse than that of residential and non-residential buildings, resulting in a variety of health issues, such as headache, sore throat, and nausea, which are all symptoms of in-vehicle air pollution. The monitoring of carbon dioxide, which is one of the principal pollutants in car cabins, is required before regulating it. The current research is focused on the recording of carbon dioxide levels for different levels of human load, air speed, and temperature. A statistical analysis and plots were obtained for recorded responses to determine air quality parameters for a minimum value of carbon dioxide level in a five-seat car cabin. Three algorithms (generalized reduced gradient (GRG), response surface methodology (RSM), and Genetic Algorithm (GA)) were successfully used in a 5-seat car to optimize the in-vehicle carbon dioxide level. The GRG method provided the minimum carbon dioxide level of 471.531 ppm for a one-human load at an air speed of 2 m/s and a temperature of 24 °C. For varying human loads of 2,3,4, and 5, the GRG and GA methods provided carbon dioxide levels of 508.785 ppm, 580.722 ppm, 659.839 ppm and 769.016 ppm, respectively. Comparing all three techniques, the RSM provided carbon dioxide levels of 471.876 ppm, 508.865 ppm, 580.79 ppm, 659.905 ppm, and 769.362 ppm for human loads of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. This study will provide a platform for the researchers working on indoor air quality characteristics to apply soft computing techniques effectively for the evaluation of comfortable healthy environments and for the benefit of the passengers in car cabins.

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Section: Response Surface Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of in-Vehicle Carbon Dioxide Level in a 5-Seat Car

Jayasankar¹,

Subbaian²

2022

sv-jme

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“…Therefore, it is important to predict, monitor, and control the forces and torque in particular [4]. The tool torque in FSP is influenced by many factors, including those related to: (1) the tool: the angle of inclination, pin geometry, material, shoulder profile, shoulder-to-pin diameter ratio; (2) clamping system: clamping force, clamping geometry; (3) material: melting point, properties, chemical composition; (4) devices: clamping force, linear speed, rotational speed; (5) cooling system: temperature, efficiency [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigations of heat generation and microstructure evolution during friction stir processing of SnSbCu alloy

Leszczyńska-Madej

Hrabia-Wiśnios

Węglowska

et al. 2022

Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng

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The paper presents the results of experimental investigations of the heat generation and microstructure evolution during the friction stir processing (FSP) of the SnSb11Cu6 alloy. The Triflute tool was used for modification; the process was carried out using two rotational speeds of the tool: 280 and 560 RPM and a constant linear speed of 355 mm/min. Microstructure studies were performed employing the techniques of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy along with analysis of the chemical composition of micro-areas. Additionally, the phase composition was investigated by means of the X-ray diffraction method, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis and hardness testing were performed before and after FSP modification. Furthermore, measurements of the temperature directly on the modified surface by means of a thermal imaging camera and the temperature in the modified zone with a thermocouple system were performed. It was proved that using FSP to modify the SnSbCu alloy promotes refinement and homogenization of the microstructure, as well as improvement of the hardness. The hardness of the starting material was 24 HB, and after FSP, the hardness increased and amounted to, respectively, 25 and 27 HB after processing at 280 and 560 RPM. The microstructure in the stir zone is formed by the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) process and consists of almost equiaxed tin-rich matrix grains with a size of approx. 5-30 µm and fine particles of Cu 6 Sn 5 and SnSb phases. The temperature distribution in the FSP zone is not uniform and changes in a gradient manner.

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“…It comprises both heat generation due to friction and material flow due to continuous stirring action of the tool. In this, the rotating FSP tool is plunged into workpiece and traverses, during which plasticized material reaches to temperature less than melting point temperature of the material [21][22][23][24][25][26]. The composite fabrication using FSP involves both in-situ and ex-situ approach, and this process is complex because it involves many process parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Patil¹,

Pedapati²,

Mamat³

2020

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Nowadays, Aluminium (Al) based hybrid surface composites are amongst the fastest developing advanced materials used for structural applications. Friction Stir Processing (FSP) has emerged as a clean and flexible solid-state surface composites fabrication technique. Intensive research in this field resulted in numerous research output; which hinders in finding relevant meta-data for further research with objectivity. In order to facilitate this research need, present article summarizes current state of the art and advances in aluminium based hybrid surface composites fabrication by FSP with in-situ and ex-situ approach. Reported literature were read and systematically categorized to show impacts of different types of reinforcements, deposition techniques, hybrid reinforcement ratio and FSP machine parameters on microstructures, mechanical and tribological characteristics of different Al alloys. Challenges and opportunities in this field have been summarized at the end, which will be beneficial to researchers working on solid state FSP technique.

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Experimental Study and Response Surface Methodology for Investigation of FSP Process

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Optimization of in-Vehicle Carbon Dioxide Level in a 5-Seat Car

Optimization of in-Vehicle Carbon Dioxide Level in a 5-Seat Car

Experimental investigations of heat generation and microstructure evolution during friction stir processing of SnSbCu alloy

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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