Experimental study of fine center electrode spark plug in bi-fuel engines

Javan, Saeed; Alaviyoun, Syed Shahabodin; Hosseini, Seyed Vahid; Ommi, Fathollah

doi:10.1007/s12206-013-1185-5

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The basis for issuing this Statement Letter is Article 39 paragraph 3 PKPU No. 11 of 2018 concerning Compilation of Domestic Voter Lists in the Implementation of Elections [12]. In addition, Dispendukcapil can carry out El KTP Record Ball Pick-up Services for Beginner Voters in Villages.…”

Section: Formulation Of An Effective Bureaucratic System As a Voter O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Streamlining the Bureaucracy for First-Time Voters in Indonesian General Elections

Asmorojati,

Al Hurni,

Fadilla

2023

Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research

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In this case, novice voters become a potential vote basis for the elections to be held. Apart from that, it is also a potential election because there are several first-time voters who do not exercise their right to vote. But unfortunately, many things prevent first-time voters from exercising their right to vote because of the difficulty of an ineffective bureaucracy, the technical requirements in general elections for someone who is not in their area of domicile seem to be complicated. Given this, of course, the parties involved must make new breakthroughs to overcome these problems. This paper examines the obstacles in optimizing the role of first-time voters to realize quality and integrity general elections and the formulation of an effective bureaucratic system as a solution to optimizing first-time voters. This paper was compiled using a normative juridical approach, so the data used are library sources collected on secondary data. In this case the solution offered is that the Ministry of Home Affairs must order Dukcapil throughout Indonesia to immediately record and issue e-KTPs to firsttime voters. In addition, the KPU must be more intense in carrying out political literacy by conducting voter education for first-time voters so that they become smart voters. Also, the need to increase the number of KPU members so that they can carry out their duties and functions evenly and do not mind the burden that must be carried out.

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Section: Formulation Of An Effective Bureaucratic System As a Voter O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Streamlining the Bureaucracy for First-Time Voters in Indonesian General Elections

Asmorojati,

Al Hurni,

Fadilla

2023

Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research

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“…Ditinjau dari sisi bentuk, elektroda busi iridium berbentuk runcing dengan diameter 0,4 -0,7 mm [12], lebih kecil dari busi platina (1,1 mm) dan busi standar (2,5 mm) [13]. Bentuk elektroda yang runcing dapat meningkatkan kinerja busi (ignitabilitas dan tegangan yang diperlukan lebih rendah) dalam mesin bensin [14]. Diameter elektrode yang kecil dan bentuknya yang runcing menyebabkan loncatan bunga api terfokus sehingga pembakaran lebih sempurna [15].…”

Section: Hasil Dan Pembahasanunclassified

Pengaruh Tipe Busi Terhadap Emisi Gas Buang Sepeda Motor

Sriyanto

2018

AutoExp

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Artikel ini menyajikan hasil penelitian tentang pengaruh tipe busi terhadap emisi gas buang sepeda motor. Pengujian dilakukan di Bengkel Prototype Honda Jurdiknik Otomotif FT UNY dengan obyek uji adalah sepeda motor 4 tak 135 cc pada putaran mesin 1500, 3000, dan 5000 rpm. Masing-masing pengujian dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih akurat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jika dibandingkan dengan pemakaian busi standar, busi platinum menurunkan kadar emisi CO 20% dan HC 41%, busi iridium menurunkan kadar CO 29% dan HC 61%, dan pemakaian busi multi elektrode menurunkan kadar CO 8% dan HC 29%.

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“…Additionally, the spark discharge produces high temperature plasma and high energy ion and electron ows, which causes erosion of the spark electrodes [1]. The spark plug electrode erosion leads to an increased gap between said electrodes and in the required ignition voltage, which eventually will cause mis res in the engine [2][3][4]. Current spark plug lifetimes are typically 1000-4000 hours, which is shorter than the over 8000 hours desired by the industry, causing extra down time and cost for changing of the spark plugs [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifetime of Ni laser induced fluorescence during spark plug discharge

Bi,

Zhang,

Ehn

et al. 2024

Preprint

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In this study, the laser induced fluorescence lifetime of Ni atoms in ambient air with presence of a plasma discharge was measured for the first time. Free Ni atoms were generated in ambient air by spark plug discharge driven by an inductive coil. Decay curves of Ni LIF excited by a 336.94 nm, 90 ps laser pulse were captured by a PMT. An average lifetime of about 1.1 ns was observed for the fluorescence signal within a 7.4 nm detection window centered at 345 nm. Further analysis also revealed that the lifetime of the transition showed statistically insignificant change throughout the duration of the discharge. The peak intensity of the decays was found to be proportional to the integrated signal intensities. This in turn suggests that the integrated fluorescence signals in the aforementioned spectral region are proportional to the population density of ground state Ni atoms in the detection volume. The number density of free Ni atoms in the spark gap was measured over time during the plasma discharge, showing an accumulating trend in the beginning phase of the discharge followed by a slow decrease until the termination.

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Experimental study of fine center electrode spark plug in bi-fuel engines

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Streamlining the Bureaucracy for First-Time Voters in Indonesian General Elections

Streamlining the Bureaucracy for First-Time Voters in Indonesian General Elections

Pengaruh Tipe Busi Terhadap Emisi Gas Buang Sepeda Motor

Lifetime of Ni laser induced fluorescence during spark plug discharge

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