Experimental Study of Spark-Ignition Combustion Using the Anode Off-Gas from a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Investigating anode off-gas under spark-ignition combustion for SOFC-ICE hybrid systems

“…The work presented here builds upon the findings of Ran et al 27 to address gaps in the literature, including the lack of detailed experimental and 0-D chemical kinetic modeling studies of the effects of SOFC anode off-gas compositions, specifically moisture content, on SI engine combustion, performance, and exhaust emissions. Therefore, the objective of this study is to experimentally explore the feasibility of a realistic SOFC anode off-gas as a potential alternative fuel under SI combustion conditions over a range of compression ratios (CRs), as well as to determine the fuel's compositional effects on engine thermodynamics, combustion characteristics, and emissions levels.…”

“…25 More recently, Kim et al 26 explored utilizing anode off-gas from a SOFC stack in an SI engine and reported a 61.6% system efficiency with significantly reduced levels of emissions of NO x . Also, Ran et al 27 experimentally studied and compared the simulated dry anode off-gas and traditional CNG with SI combustion conditions. It was found that engine-out emissions of NO x were largely reduced, and THC was not present for the anode off-gas, but engine load was reduced in comparison to CNG fuel.…”

Investigating realistic anode off-gas combustion in SOFC/ICE hybrid systems: mini review and experimental evaluation

“…Within the study's experimental framework, a modified Honda GX390 was deployed, at which a number of measurements were obtained for more than one fuel-air equivalence ratio (f), accounting for the change in load conditions, based to aforementioned anode tailgas features. Particularly, experiments indicated that gross indicated fuel conversion efficiency 21 -----Chaudhari et al 42 -----Park et al 26 -----Moriconi et al 43 -----Fyffe et al 7 --29.9-31.8 (n) --Luo et al 40 -----Kang and Ahn 22 -----Luo et al 41 -----Choi et al 31 -25-30 (g) --Oh and Song 25 --1.5-5 (g) --Lee et al 32 -----Chuahy and Kokjohn 13 48.8 (g) -9.4 (g) --48.2 (g) -9.5 (g) --Choi et al 33 25.1 (n) ----Wu et al 34 -----Choi and Song 35 -----Ran et al 37 - (h f, ig ) could reach 25% to 30%, while resulting NO x would be less than 5 ppm (@ O 2 15%). The combustion was justifiably stable, since the COV of gross indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP g ) was again in the neighborhood of 5%.…”

“…All identified research articles classified under different modes of combustion (MoCs) involving SI, SAI, HCCI, and RCCI, as adapted from. 13,18,22,25,26,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] intermittency issues, linked to popular renewable energy (RE) technologies, such as wind turbines (WTs) and photovoltaic (PV) panels, are being dealt with hybridization with SOFC subsystems. Therefore, the particular type of systems should probably be favored over aforementioned stand-alone RE practices, at least in terms of stable and uninterrupted operation.…”

“…In detail, multiple modes of combustion were considered, enhancing system flexibility in operation, among which the most dominant was identified in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI). 13,18,22,25,26,[31][32][33][34][35] Other modes involved all spark ignition (SI), [36][37][38][39] spark-assisted ignition (SAI), 18 as well as reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI). 13 Evidently, low temperature combustion (LTC) was extensively assessed, with the majority of researchers investigating leaner mixtures, 22,25 as illustrated in Figure 1 and in certain cases across multiple compression ratios (CRs).…”