Experimental study of the air pollution transport by synchronised monitoring of atmospheric aerosols

Vana, Marko; Tamm, E.; Viil, Martin

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00259-9

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Because UFP and PM1.0 concentrations are measured successively at equally spaced time intervals (each day and each 20 minute) and possess nature characteristics of time series data, the observations of UFP and PM1.0 concentrations are thus probably be dependent (auto-correlated). 40 It is no doubt that one of the key assumptions of standard linear regression, such as independence of successive observations, is violated, implying that the standard 25 linear regression method fails to account for the inherent variability or correlation structure in the two concentrations across the time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…41,42 In order to determine the effects of vehicle density and driving speed on UFP and PM1.0 concentrations, an ARIMA analysis was applied to model the UFP and PM1.0 time series data. The modelling was carried out using the SPSS ARIMA procedure which implements Melard's maximum likelihood 40 estimation algorithm with an assumption of no missing values. Mathematically the SPSS ARIMA (p, d, q) model can be written as:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using mobile sampling methods and CPCs, several studies conducted in European countries and North America have measured UFP emissions from vehicles on busy traffic road. By driving a mobile 35 platform around the Los Angeles roadway network, Westerdahl et al found that average particle number concentrations of UFP (0.01 to 1 μm) ranged from 33 000 to 190 000 particle cm -3 and the UFP concentration was correlated to truck traffic density (47 000 particle cm -3 on 110N freeway with ~3 500 trucks per day 40 and 190000 particle cm -3 on the 710S Freeway with ~25 000 truck per day). 9 Kaur and Nieuwenhuijsen reported a field campaign conducted in Central London 11 via five modes of transport (walking, cycling, bus, car and taxi).…”

Section: Growing New Vehicle Numbers In Hangzhoumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Before 2000, the total suspended particle (TSP, ≤ 100 μm aerodynamic 35 diameter), an older regulatory measure of the mass concentration of PM in air, was the main indicator for monitoring ambient air quality in China. With the release of the revised National Ambient Air Quality Standards in 1996 (GB3095-96), an improved indicator of particles that can enter the thorax and 40 lower respiratory tract, PM10 (≤ 10 μm), was introduced in the assessment of ambient air quality in China. 45 Particulate matter equal to or less than 2.5 μm is referred to as fine particles or PM2.5 and is not currently regulated in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring fine and ultrafine particles in the atmosphere of a Southeast Chinese city

Jian

Zhu²,

Zhao

2011

J. Environ. Monit.

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There have been few studies on submicron particles in the atmosphere reported from developing countries. With rapid economic development, the size of the road vehicle fleet has increased dramatically in China. The increase in vehicle emissions has raised concerns about air quality, especially in the urban areas of this developing country. A model study was conducted in Hangzhou, a city in Southeast China, with the aim of characterizing the emission patterns of submicron particles ≤1.0 micron from on-road vehicles and the impact of vehicle density and speed on the concentrations of submicron particles in the atmosphere. Results showed that the average ultrafine particle (UFP) number concentration was 45 805 particles cm(-3) and the average mass concentration of particulate matter 1.0 (PM1.0) was 217 μg m(-3) during the survey period. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average modelling results indicated that an increase of vehicle density and driving speed were positively correlated with the increase of UFP and PM1.0 concentrations (p < 0.05) in the atmosphere. Results from this study suggest that vehicle density and driving speed are significant predictors of submicron particle emissions. This study provides first hand information for future investigations on the submicron particle emissions in Hangzhou, a city with rapidly increasing vehicle numbers and for further investigations into a possible causal relationship between submicron particles and health effects on local residents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Growing New Vehicle Numbers In Hangzhoumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring fine and ultrafine particles in the atmosphere of a Southeast Chinese city

Jian

Zhu²,

Zhao

2011

J. Environ. Monit.

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“…Partículas de tamaño menor a 2,5 μm pueden tener tiempos de residencia de días o incluso semanas y podrían ser transportadas miles de kilómetros (Sosaky et al, 1988). Partículas de tamaño mayor a 2,5 μm tienen tiempos de residencia de minutos a horas y pueden ser transportadas hasta unos pocos centenares de kilómetros (Vana et al, 1999). En la fracción más fina (< 2,5 μm), se encuentran los sulfatos y los nitratos los cuales presentan potencial de daño a la salud y causan una disminución en la visibilidad (Baik et al, 1996).…”

Section: Características Del Materials Particulado Respirableunclassified

Estudio Preliminar del Material Particulado de Fuentes Estacionarias: Aplicación al Sistema de Compensación de Emisiones en la Región Metropolitana, Chile

Préndez

Corvalán

Cisternas³

2007

Inf. tecnol.

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ResumenSe realiza una caracterización física y química de emisiones proveniente de diferentes tipos de fuentes estacionarias en Santiago de Chile con el propósito de determinar si la forma en que se aplican las medidas de compensación de emisiones es apropiada. El sistema de compensación de emisiones se aplica tradicionalmente a las emisiones másicas. La hipótesis de este trabajo es que el daño a la salud ocasionado por el material particulado depende además de su tamaño y de los elementos químicos que contenga, como lo corroboran los resultados que muestran notables diferencias en la composición química de las emisiones desde distintos tipos de fuentes. Esto indica que la aplicación del sistema actual no es apropiada como herramienta ambiental para el mejoramiento de la calidad del aire de la ciudad. Palabras claves: fuentes estacionarias, compensación de emisiones, caracterización del particuladoAbstract A physico-chemical characterization of emissions from different types of stationary sources in Santiago-Chile was carried out with the purpose of determining if the form in which environmental management policies is well applied. The emission compensation system is currently applied on the basis of total mass emissions. The hypothesis of this work is that damage to health from particulate matter exposure also depends strongly on particulate size and chemical elements as is confirm by the results showing notable differences in chemical composition of the emissions from different source types. This indicates that the application of the current emission compensation system is not an environmental tool appropriated for improving the quality of the air in the city.

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Time series analysis of wintertime O3 and NOx formation using vector autoregressions

Olson

Riedel

Long

et al. 2019

Atmospheric Environment

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Concentrations of 11 species are reported from continuous measurements taken during a wintertime field study in Utah. Time series data for measured species generally displayed strong diurnal patterns. Six species show a diurnal pattern of daytime maximums (NO, NO y , O 3 , H 2 O 2 , CH 2 O 2 , and Cl 2), while five species show a diurnal pattern of night time maximums (NO 2 , HONO, ClNO 2 , HNO 3 , and N 2 O 5). Vector autoregression analyses were completed to better understand important species influencing the formation of O 3 and NO x. For the species studied, r 2 values of predicted versus measured concentrations ranged from 0.82-0.99. Fitting parameters for the autoregressive matrix, Π, indicated the importance of species precursors. In addition, values of fitting parameters for Π were relatively insensitive to data size, with variations generally <10%. Variable causation was quantified using the Granger causation method. Assuming O 3 and NO x behave as chemical products, reactants (in order of importance) are as follows:

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Experimental study of the air pollution transport by synchronised monitoring of atmospheric aerosols

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Monitoring fine and ultrafine particles in the atmosphere of a Southeast Chinese city

Monitoring fine and ultrafine particles in the atmosphere of a Southeast Chinese city

Estudio Preliminar del Material Particulado de Fuentes Estacionarias: Aplicación al Sistema de Compensación de Emisiones en la Región Metropolitana, Chile

Time series analysis of wintertime O3 and NOx formation using vector autoregressions

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