Experimental Theileria lestoquardi infection in sheep: Biochemical and hematological changes

Yaghfoori, Saeed; Mohri, Mehrdad; Razmi, Gholam Reza

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.05.029

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…ovis is considered as causing sub-clinical infection in small ruminants in contrast to the virulent T . lestoquardi 8,15,16 . No infection was detected in goats, whereas most of the sheep were infected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Theileria ovis and Theleiria equi in Livestock from Palestine

Azmi

Al-Jawabreh

Abdeen

2019

Sci Rep

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Theileria and Babesia are intracellular protozoan parasites infecting a wide range of animals. In Palestine, there is limited information on the prevalence of Theileria and Babesia spp. in livestock. We used PCR of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene followed by DNA sequencing to detect and identify parasite DNA in blood samples from sheep (n = 49), goats (n = 48), horses (n = 40), camels (n = 34), donkeys (n = 28) and mules (n = 2) from four districts of Palestine. DNA of T . ovis and T . equi was detected in 19 and 2 ovine blood samples, respectively. None of the camels, donkeys, and goats were positive for T . ovis . Sheep had a significantly higher rate of infection than other animals (P < 0.05). Theileria ovis is highly prevalent in sheep, while T . equi DNA was detected in a small proportion of the equids in Palestine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Theileria ovis and Theleiria equi in Livestock from Palestine

Azmi

Al-Jawabreh

Abdeen

2019

Sci Rep

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“…In this study, seven Baluchi sheep (4 females, 3 males) aged between 6 and 8 months were bought from a farm which had no history of theileriosis. The sheep were experimentally infected with T. lestoquardi as performed previously (Yaghfoori et al 2016, 2017). Briefly, infected adult H. anatolicum with T. lestoquardi were prepared at the Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The haematological, proinflammatory cytokines and IgG changes during an ovine experimental theileriosis

Razmi

Yaghfoori

Mohri

et al. 2019

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research

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Malignant ovine theileriosis is caused by Theileria lestoquardi , which is highly pathogenic in sheep. Theileriosis involves different organs in ruminants. Little is known about the role of proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of T. lestoquardi infection. The aim of this study was to measure concentration changes of proinflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulin G (IgG) during an ovine experimental theileriosis and correlate it with clinical and haematological parameters. During an experimental study, seven healthy Baluchi sheep (four females and three males) about 6–8 months old were infected with T. lestoquardi by feeding of infected unfed ticks on the sheep’s ears. The infected sheep were clinically examined during the study and blood samples were collected on days 0, 2, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 17 and 21. The haematological parameters were analysed by an automatic veterinary haematology cell counter and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IgG were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All infected sheep had temperatures above 40 °C on days 3–4 post infection (PI). The maximum temperature was noted on day 7, and it remained high until day 21. The parasitaemia of T. lestoquardi infection increased from 0.01% (day 7 PI) to 3.3% (day 21 PI). The mean white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), lymphocyte, neutrophil and platelet values slightly increased on day 2 PI and decreased by day 17 and day 21 PI. The percentage parasitaemia and fever had a negative correlation with the numbers of WBCs, RBCs, lymphocytes, neutrophils and platelets. The serum concentration of IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ cytokines increased and peaked on day 12 and thereafter decreased to levels lower than 0. Out of all tested cytokines, the concentration of IL-6 was significantly higher, as early as day 2 PI. No significant changes were observed for the IgG levels during the course of disease. A significant and strong correlation was observed between IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ values and a moderate correlation between IL-6 and the numbers of lymphocytes in the present study. A strong correlation was determined between the percentage parasitaemia and haematological parameters in T. lestoquardi -infected sheep. In addition, preliminary results indicate that the measurement of the serum concentrations of IL-6 in combination with haematological parameters could be considered a good marker to estimate the pathogenicity of T. lestoquardi strain.

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“…The severity of these changes is related to the virulence of the strain, the infectious dose, the animal breed, and immune status [ 15 – 17 ]. Experimental infections of cattle and sheep, respectively, with T. annulata and T. lestoquardi , have demonstrated a significant progressive decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cells, as well as leukopenia and leukocytolysis [ 18 – 20 ]. The absence of hemoglobinemia indicates that the decrease in hematocrit and red blood cells may be due to erythrocyte destruction by mononuclear phagocyte system rather than intravascular lysis [ 17 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of single Theileria lestoquardi and mixed infections with Theileria ovis

et al. 2021

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Background Epidemiological surveys in Oman have revealed a high prevalence of the co-occurrence of the pathogenic Theileria lestoquardi and the non-pathogenic Theileria ovis among sheep in the Barka region, Oman. Our most recent data illustrated an interaction and reduced mortality risk in animals co-infected with T. lestoquardi and T. ovis, suggesting that the latter confers protection against pathogenicity of T. lestoquardi. The present study extends the above findings and examines disease outcomes; clinical markers, hematological parameters, and parasite density in mixed and single T. lestoquardi infections. Methods A total of 390 blood samples were collected from 16 sheep pens located in Barka, Oman between July and November 2019. Theileria spp. were detected and quantified using qPCR assay targeting 18S rRNA, and the extent of genetic diversity was estimated by a panel of T. lestoquardi specific micro- and mini-satellites. The association of some disease markers with the presence of Theileria spp. and genetic diversity was tested. Results Theileria spp. were detected in 75 (19.2%) sheep; of these 65 (86.7%) had mixed infections (T. lestoquardi plus T. ovis), 8 (10.6%) were infected with T. lestoquardi alone, and 2 (2.7%) with only T. ovis. Exotic breeds had a higher risk for Theileria spp. infection. The density (18S rRNA gene copies) of both parasites was higher in single infection against mixed infection, and there was a relatively lower density of T. lestoquardi in mixed infections. However, there was no difference in hematological indices between single T. lestoquardi and mixed infections. High genetic diversity was observed among T. lestoquardi in Barka, with no differences of T. lestoquardi in single and mixed infections. The extent of diversity seen in Barka was higher (He = 0.772) than that reported in Oman in 2019 (He = 0.582), with distinct T. lestoquardi genotypes. Conclusion The lower density of T. lestoquardi as mixed infection with T. ovis compared to single infection supports the hypothesis that T. ovis confers protection against lethal T. lestoquardi infection. However, there were no differences in disease correlations (clinical markers, hematological parameters, and density of parasites) or the extent of diversity of T. lestoquardi between the two types of infection. The presence of distinct T. lestoquardi genotypes in Barka, compared to that reported earlier in Oman, likely reflects movement of carrier animals and highlights the need for further analysis of the parasite populations to inform novel approaches for controlling malignant ovine theileriosis. Graphical Abstract

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Experimental Theileria lestoquardi infection in sheep: Biochemical and hematological changes

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Molecular Detection of Theileria ovis and Theleiria equi in Livestock from Palestine

Molecular Detection of Theileria ovis and Theleiria equi in Livestock from Palestine

The haematological, proinflammatory cytokines and IgG changes during an ovine experimental theileriosis

A comparative study of single Theileria lestoquardi and mixed infections with Theileria ovis

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