Experimental transmission of Dipetalonema dracunculoides (Cobbold 1870) by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille 1806)

Olmeda, A. Sonia; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, José Antonio; Rojo-Vázquez, F.A.

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(93)90034-k

Cited by 34 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Although they are most commonly identified in insect vectors, tick species have been implicated in carrying and transmitting nematodes usually associated with veterinary infections (Brianti et al, 2012; Olmeda-Garcia et al, 1993; Otranto et al, 2012). The nematodes identified in the Wolbachia study were most closely related to the genus Acanthocheilonema (Zhang et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of filarial nematode DNA in Amblyomma americanum in Northern Virginia

Henning

Orr²,

Smith³

et al. 2016

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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Ticks collected in 2011 were screened for the presence of filarial nematode genetic material, and positive samples were sequenced for analysis. Monanema-like filarial nematode DNA was recently discovered in Amblyomma americanum in northern Virginia, marking the first time genetic material from this parasite has been discovered in ticks in the state. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this material was directly related to a previously discovered filarial nematode in A. americanum populations in Maryland as well as recently identified parasites in Ixodes scapularis from southern Connecticut. Further study is warranted to visually confirm the presence of these nematodes, characterize their distribution, and determine if these ticks are intermediate hosts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of filarial nematode DNA in Amblyomma americanum in Northern Virginia

Henning

Orr²,

Smith³

et al. 2016

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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“…However, the detailed mechanism of suppression of the lymphocyte blastogenic responses in dogs infested with R. sanguineus has not been determined. This phenomenon may play an important role in the transmission of many tick-borne diseases, because R. sanguineus is a well known vector of Babesia canis [10], B. gibsoni [10], Hepatozoon canis [3], Ehrlichia canis [13], spotted fever group Rickettsiae [1] and Dipetalonema spp filaria [15]. The suppressive effects of tick saliva on the Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Male ticks were also removed on days 11 and 8 in group A and B, respectively. Peripheral blood was collected with heparin (20 U/ml) from each dog on day 0, 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24 and 27 to evaluate the peripheral …”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Infestation by Rhipicephalus sanguineus on Lymphocyte Blastogenic Responses to Mitogens in Dogs.

Inokuma

Aita

Ohno

et al. 1998

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Mitogen blastogenic responses of lymphocytes from dogs infested with adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus and the effects of salivary gland extracts (SGE) of the tick on the blastogenic responses of lymphocytes from normal dogs were studied. Infestation by R. sanguineus significantly suppressed concanavalin A, phyto-hemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen responses of lymphocytes from dogs. The inhibition of lymphocyte responses of dogs in the first infestation was greater than that in the second infestation. SGE from R. sanguineus also suppressed all mitogen blastogenic responses of lymphocytes from healthy dogs in vitro. These suppressive effects of SGE on the blastogenic responses of PBL to mitogens were significantly inhibited by trypsin digestion. It is suggested that some proteins in SGE contribute to the suppressive effects of SGE on the blastogenic responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes from dogs.-KEY WORDS: canine, lymphocyte mitogenesis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. blood lymphocyte (PBL) responses to mitogens. To obtain salivary gland extract (SGE) from partially-engorged R. sanguineus, unfed female adults were allowed to feed for 4 days on the ears of rabbits (Japanese white, Kyudo, Japan). A density gradient method using Lymphoprep (1.077 g/ ml, Nycomed Pharma AS, Oslo, Norway) was used to separate PBL from peripheral blood [5]. Contaminated red blood cells were lysed with ammonium chloride Tris buffer (0.017 M Tris, pH 7.2 containing 0.75% NH 4 Cl), washed twice with sterile PBS, and finally resuspended at 2 × 10 6 cells/ml in complete RPMI 1640 medium (ICN Biomedical Japan) containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS, ICN Biomedical Japan), penicillin (100 IU/ml) and streptomycin (20 µg/ml). Observation of PBL after Giemsa staining revealed that the cell suspensions contained less than 8% neutrophils. In addition, more than 95% of PBL were viable by trypan blue dye exclusion. Aliquots of 50 µl of PBL suspension were added in triplicate to wells in 96-well microculture plates (Flow Laboratories Inc., U.S.A.) along with 50 µl of an optimum concentration of concanavalin A (Con A, 2.0 µg/ml, EY Laboratories, Inc., U.S.A.), phyto-hemagglutinin (PHA, 3.0 µg/ml, EY Laboratories, Inc., U.S.A.) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM, 1.0 µg/ml, EY Laboratories, Inc., U.S.A.) in complete medium. The cell cultures were incubated for 72 hr at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO 2. The blastogenic activities of cells in culture were evaluated by an assay using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) [5, 14]. The results are expressed as stimulation index (SI) according to the following formula from the results of duplicate assays. SI = (O.D.(570/630 nm) of stimulated cells with FE) / (O.D.(570/630 nm) of unstimulated cells without FE) Female R. sanguineus were collected from rabbits. The salivary glands were dissected out from each tick under a microscope and homogenized with a ground glass homogenizer in 2.0 ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS, Rhipicephalus sanguineus is the most wide sp...

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“…The brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) is well known as a vector of some pathogens of dogs such as Babesia canis [7,16], Babesia gibsoni [7,16], Hepatozoon canis [2], Ehrlichia canis [10], Coxiella burnetii [8], spotted fever group rickettsia [1], and the filaria nematode Dipetalonema spp [12,13]. However, there have been few reports on the distribution of R. sanguineus except in Okinawa Prefecture in Japan [18].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…As the detail structure could not be observed in the smear, the species of the microfilaria was not identified. Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a vector of dog filaria, D. dracunculoides [12,13]. The microfilaria might have belonged to Dipetalonema spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Survey of Tick-Borne Diseases in Dogs Infested with Rhipicephalus sanguineus at a Kennel in Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

Inokuma

Yamamoto

Morita

1998

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Serological tests were performed to investigate extent of tick-borne diseases in dogs infested with Rhipicephalus sanguineus at a kennel in Okayama Prefecture. Three of 22 dogs (13.6%) were positive for Ehrlichia canis. Two of 19 dogs (10.5%) were positive for Rickettsia japonica. Three of 22 dogs (13.6%) were positive for Babesia gibsoni. None of these animals were positive for Coxiella burnetii or Hepatozoon canis. A microfilaria was detected in a drop smear of hemolymph from an engorged female tick, however species was not determined. It is possible that these ticks can transmit pathogens to domestic dogs which are rare in Japan. -KEY WORDS: canine, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, tick-borne disease.

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Experimental transmission of Dipetalonema dracunculoides (Cobbold 1870) by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille 1806)

Cited by 34 publications

References 4 publications

Discovery of filarial nematode DNA in Amblyomma americanum in Northern Virginia

Discovery of filarial nematode DNA in Amblyomma americanum in Northern Virginia

Effects of Infestation by Rhipicephalus sanguineus on Lymphocyte Blastogenic Responses to Mitogens in Dogs.

Survey of Tick-Borne Diseases in Dogs Infested with Rhipicephalus sanguineus at a Kennel in Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

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