“…Inspired by the classification made in (Groot et al 2007), we distinguished studies dealing with economic crop planning, water resources management issues, landscape ecology issues including forest management, and nature restoration (Groot et al 2007;Badarudin et al 2009). Many classifications of the studies dealing with land use allocation are possible following the used method, e.g., simulated annealing, taboo search, evolutionary algorithms, the type of decisions to be The main steps of a particle swarm optimization algorithm implemented, i.e., land use allocation to crops, configuration of the landscape, or combination of allocation and configuration, and the spatiotemporal decision levels, i.e., operational, tactical, strategic.…”