Exploring Sudanese agricultural residues as alternative fibres for pulp and paper manufacturing

Saeed, Haroon A. M.; Liu, Y; H, Chen

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/368/1/012030

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Ahmad et al [183] noted that ruminant animals feed on sorghum crop fodders although they are low in protein and mineral contents. Saeed et al [184] determined the cellulose and lignin contents of sorghum stalks and determined the strength of hand sheet made from the residue. Turhollow et al [185], however, noted that sorghum has a great potential as an annual energy crop, describing energy sorghum as forage sorghum bred for high biomass production.…”

Section: Sorghummentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Potential Resources for Biomass Energy in Nigeria

2020

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Nigeria is a developing country with an insufficient supply of energy to meet the continuously growing demand. However, there are several biomass resources available within the country. This paper presents a desk review, which investigates the potential resources for biomass energy generation within the country. Energy policies to aid biomass use as an energy source within the country were also reviewed. Biomass resources identified within Nigeria include forest residues, agricultural residues, human and animal wastes, aquatic biomass, and energy crops. However, several of the resources, particularly agricultural residues, have competing uses, such as livestock feed and soil rejuvenation. An estimation of the technical energy potential of the biomass resources revealed that about 2.33 EJ could be generated from the available resources in Nigeria. Agricultural residues have an energy potential of about 1.09 EJ, with cassava, maize, oil palm, plantain, rice, and sorghum being the major contributors. Animal wastes, municipal solid waste, and forest residues have energy potentials of 0.65, 0.11, and 0.05 EJ, respectively. The potentials of wood fuel and charcoal are 0.38 and 0.05 EJ, respectively. The study found that despite the available potential and existing policies, not much has been done in the implementation of large-scale bioenergy within the country. However, there has been laboratory and research-scale investigations. The review suggests that more policies and stronger enforcement will aid bioenergy development within the country. From the review, it has been suggested that the agricultural sector needs to be developed to generate more biomass resources. More research, development, and implementation have to be carried out on biomass resources and bioenergy generation processes. The production of non-edible energy crops in marginal lands should also be considered prime to the development of bioenergy within the country.

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Section: Sorghummentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Potential Resources for Biomass Energy in Nigeria

2020

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“…[15][16][17][18] As an alternative, it has been suggested that this biomass could be used to produce biogas, liquid fuel, pulp, and paper. [16,19] However, despite being relatively cost-effective, the carbon footprint, the need for chemical treatments, and the energy requirements for some of these applications make it necessary for other alternatives to be Figure 1. Stages in the manufacture of mycelium composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 15–18 ] As an alternative, it has been suggested that this biomass could be used to produce biogas, liquid fuel, pulp, and paper. [ 16,19 ] However, despite being relatively cost‐effective, the carbon footprint, the need for chemical treatments, and the energy requirements for some of these applications make it necessary for other alternatives to be explored. [ 16 ] Through mycelium composite production, agricultural waste biomass can be converted into valuable green alternatives for packaging, foam, acoustic panels, [ 1 ] and potentially for other more advanced applications in the construction, electronics, adhesives, filtration, and bioremediation fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycelium Composites for Sustainable Development in Developing Countries: The Case for Africa

Akromah,

Chandarana,

Eichhorn

2023

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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The socio‐economic struggles in Africa are partly attributed to the low productivity of the agricultural sector. The Sustainable Development Goals Centre for Africa (SDGC/A) and the African Development Bank Group (AfDBG) both agree that the continent needs sustainable interventions to boost agricultural productivity, employment, and income. In this regard, mycelium composite production can present one potential solution. The added value to agricultural waste used to produce mycelium composites can generate additional revenue for farmers, serving as an incentive to increase agricultural productivity. Furthermore, the establishment of mycelium composite start‐ups can increase employment and income, especially for women and the youth. Mycelium composites can also aid in mitigating environmental and health challenges caused by some of the current waste management practices in Africa. This review offers valuable insights into the potential use of mycelium composites as a sustainable alternative for Africa. It explores the potential use of locally accessible resources, the potential applications for the composites in Africa, and the potential challenges that may arise with this technology. It further assesses the potential contribution of this technology to sustainable development in Africa in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations (UN).

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“…The cellulose content of yellow thatching grass straws (30 %) is much lower than similar species like Miscanthus spp. (45 -44 %), switch grass (40 %), reed canary grass (39 %), rice straw (35 %), and millet straw (41 %) [17][18][19][20]. It is likely that the composition differences result from the different growing conditions of the plants, different stages of growth and, in some cases, the composition of the entire stem is reported by the authors.…”

Section: Compositional Analysismentioning

confidence: 84%

Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibers From Yellow Thatching Grass (Hyparrhenia filipendula) Straws via Acid Hydrolysis

Ndwandwa

Ayaa

Iwarere

et al. 2023

Waste Biomass Valor

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A variety of lignocellulosic raw materials have been previously reported for the production of cellulose and cellulose derivatives, but little research effort has been dedicated to producing cellulose from Hyparrhenia filipendula. In this study, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were extracted from Hyparrhenia filipendula waste straws via sulphuric acid hydrolysis. MethodsThe straws were pretreated with a combination of physiochemical processes and hydrolyzed using sulphuric acid at three different concentrations (1 M, 3 M and 5.6 M) for 2 hours at 80 °C. The properties of the CNFs was checked by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for surface chemistry, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystallinity, Scanning Electron microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for morphology. A high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) was used to quantify the amount of biopolymers in the CNFs. ResultsThe results show that CNFs, denoted as CNF 1, CNF 3, and CNF 5.6 for 1 M, 3 M, and 5.6 M sulphuric acid, respectively, were successfully extracted at the various concentrations of sulphuric acid. The cellulose content of CNF1, CNF3, and CNF5.6 determined by HPLC analysis were 85%, 77 % and 78 % respectively. Also, the hemicellulose content in CNF 1, CNF 3, and CNF 5.6 was 10 %, 15 %, and 12 % respectively, showing a high carbohydrate content of the CNFs. The FTIR spectra confirm the absence of characteristic peaks for lignin in the CNFs. The XRD analysis reveals presence of characteristic cellulose Iβ peaks at 2θ of 18°, 26°, and 40° with the crystallinity of 78%, 74 % and 73% for CNF1, CNF3 and CNF5.6, respectively. Moreover, SEM analysis shows the deposition of lignin polycondensate on the surface of CNF 1, CNF 3, and CNF 5.6 while the bleached sample has a smooth and glossy appearance. The TEM analysis shows long unbranched nano-sized fibers for CNF 1 and shorter fibrous network of fibers for CNF 3, and CNF 5.6. The average diameter of the fibers, measured with ImageJ software is 40 nm for CNF 1, 57 nm for CNF 3, and 92 nm for CNF 5.6. ConclusionCNFs were successfully produced from Hyparrhenia filipendula and reported for the first time in open literature. In view of the structure and properties of the produced CNFs, they are a potential material for value-added applications such as polymer matrices, films, and membranes, thus enabling efficient utilization of agricultural waste.

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Exploring Sudanese agricultural residues as alternative fibres for pulp and paper manufacturing

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

An Assessment of Potential Resources for Biomass Energy in Nigeria

An Assessment of Potential Resources for Biomass Energy in Nigeria

Mycelium Composites for Sustainable Development in Developing Countries: The Case for Africa

Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibers From Yellow Thatching Grass (Hyparrhenia filipendula) Straws via Acid Hydrolysis

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