Exploring the association between a parent’s exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and outcomes of depression and anxiety among their children

Haynes, Eboni; Crouch, Elizabeth; Probst, Janice C.; Radcliff, Elizabeth; Bennett, Kevin J.; Glover, Saundra H.

doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105013

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our results are consistent with those of previous studies, namely that parents’ traumatic experiences in childhood increased the risk of psychiatric disorders in their offspring. Haynes et al [ 21 ]. reported that when the offspring had depression and anxiety, the caregivers had many ACEs, such as alcohol use, domestic violence, mental health problems, and verbal abuse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our finding that mothers who experienced ≥3 ACEs showed a higher ORs of PTSD in the offspring suggests that maternal ACEs above a certain threshold can affect intergenerational transmission of PTSD to the offspring. A previous study reported that when the caregiver is exposed to four or more ACEs, the offspring are more likely to experience anxiety and depression, suggesting a doseresponse-based transmission of ACEs [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Risk of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the Offspring

Kim

Park

et al. 2021

J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Objectives: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) of mothers may negatively affect the mental health of their offspring. Little is known about the intergenerational effect of maternal ACE on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the offspring. This study investigated the impact of maternal ACEs on PTSD in the offspring. Methods: A total of 156 mothers with children aged 13-18 years completed the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC) Predictive Scales to determine the presence of psychiatric disorders in their offspring. The subjects completed the ACE questionnaire and the Early Trauma Inventory Self-Report-Short Form. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between maternal ACEs and PTSD in the offspring. Results: Of the mothers, 23.7% had at least one ACE, and PTSD was reported in 21.8% of the offspring. The offspring of the mothers in the ACE group had a significantly higher rates of traumatic experiences and PTSD than the offspring of the mothers in the no ACE group. Maternal household dysfunction independently predicted offspring PTSD [odds ratio (OR)=3.008, p=0.05), and three or more maternal ACEs were significantly related to PTSD in the offspring (OR=10.613, p=0.025). Conclusion:Maternal ACEs have a significant impact on the risk of traumatic experiences and PTSD in the offspring. These findings suggest the presence of intergenerational transmissions by which maternal ACEs affect the mental health of the offspring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Risk of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the Offspring

Kim

Park

et al. 2021

J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…Biological parents are most often the focus of intergenerational research, but ACEs experienced by other caregivers (i.e., grandparents, aunts, uncles) also impact future generations. In one study that included other caregivers in addition to biological parents, other caregiver ACEs increased the risk for symptoms of anxiety and depression among adolescents, and those adolescents who were living with other caregivers were twice as likely to report symptoms as their peers living with at least one biological parent [24]. Notwithstanding these notable findings, research is sparse regarding the intergenerational transmission of ACEs from fathers, second parents, and other caregivers to subsequent generations.…”

Section: Intergenerational Transmission Of Acesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, mental health symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety) in mothers with high numbers of ACEs also impact children's development and contribute to poor social and emotional outcomes [40]. Specifically, women exposed to four or more ACEs are more likely to experience depression and anxiety, which has been linked with poor mental health outcomes in their children [24]. Children of ACEs-exposed parents are at higher risk for similar ACEs exposure [41,42], and subsequent disruptions to their physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development [43,44].…”

Section: Intergenerational Transmission Of Aces Via Caregiver Mental Health and Parentingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charting a Course towards Resilience Following Adverse Childhood Experiences: Addressing Intergenerational Trauma via Strengths-Based Intervention

et al. 2021

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Early research on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) provided staggering evidence of the significant ramifications of ACEs on physical health and functioning. It brought to the forefront the importance of addressing trauma and family dysfunction to enhance public health. Over the past several decades, the study of childhood adversity has blossomed, with expanded conceptualizations and assessments of ACEs. This review brings together various biological, psychological, and sociological principles that inform our understanding of ACEs and our approach to treatment. Specifically, we document the evolution of ACEs research, focusing on the intergenerational impact of ACEs, the importance of incorporating a resilience framework when examining ACEs, and implementing interventions that address adversity across generations and at multiple levels of the social ecology. Evidence is provided to support the evolving perspective that ACEs have long-lasting effects beyond the ACE(s)-exposed individual, with significant attention to the impact of parental ACEs on child development. An intergenerational and multilevel approach to understanding and addressing ACEs offers specific areas to target in interventions and in public policy.

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“…Research has shown that ACEs can also contribute to one’s parenting behaviors and practices, which in turn have significant effects on the health and wellbeing of children in the household [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. In a previous study, researchers reported that mothers who had experienced childhood trauma were more likely to practice an authoritarian style of parenting [ 20 ], while Newcomb and Long [ 21 ] found specifically that childhood sexual abuse was associated with aggressiveness as a parent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences among Adults in North Carolina, USA: Influences on Risk Factors for Poor Health across the Lifespan and Intergenerational Implications

Hege

Bouldin

Roy

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a critical determinant and predictor of health across the lifespan. The Appalachian region of the United States, particularly the central and southern portions, experiences worse health outcomes when compared to the rest of the nation. The current research sought to understand the cross-sectional relationships between ACEs, social determinants of health and other health risk factors in one southcentral Appalachian state. Researchers used the 2012 and 2014 North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for analyses. An indicator variable of Appalachian county (n = 29) was used to make comparisons against non-Appalachian counties (n = 71). Analyses further examined the prevalence of ACEs in households with and without children across Appalachian and non-Appalachian regions, and the effects of experiencing four or more ACEs on health risk factors. There were no statistically significant differences between Appalachian and non-Appalachian counties in the prevalence of ACEs. However, compared with adults in households without children, those with children reported a higher percentage of ACEs. Reporting four or more ACEs was associated with higher prevalence of smoking (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.56), heavy alcohol consumption (PR = 1.69), overweight/obesity (PR = 1.07), frequent mental distress (PR = 2.45), and food insecurity (PR = 1.58) in adjusted models and with fair or poor health only outside Appalachia (PR = 1.65). Residence in an Appalachian county was independently associated with higher prevalence of food insecurity (PR = 1.13). Developing programs and implementing policies aimed at reducing the impact of ACEs could improve social determinants of health, thereby helping to reduce health disparities.

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Exploring the association between a parent’s exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and outcomes of depression and anxiety among their children

Cited by 30 publications

References 33 publications

Association between Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Risk of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the Offspring

Association between Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Risk of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the Offspring

Charting a Course towards Resilience Following Adverse Childhood Experiences: Addressing Intergenerational Trauma via Strengths-Based Intervention

Adverse Childhood Experiences among Adults in North Carolina, USA: Influences on Risk Factors for Poor Health across the Lifespan and Intergenerational Implications

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