Exploring the Transmission Dynamics of the COVID-19 Outbreaks after Dec. 2022 in Shaanxi Province, China: Analysis of Baseline Data from A Large Scale Cohort

Abstract

Backgrounds The goal of this study is to explore the transmission dynamics for recent large-scale COVID-19 outbreaks in Shaanxi Province on the Chinese mainland. Furthermore, the potential effects of the Spring Festival travel rush on the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic were depicted. Methods This study uses baseline data from a large cohort to investigate the characteristics of the recent COVID-19 epidemic in Shaanxi province. A cluster sampling method was used to recruit the study participants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shaanxi province since Dec. 1st, 2022. A total of 44 sampling cluster (11 village in rural areas and 33 residences in urban areas) were chosen for enrollment of study participants. A self-developed questionnaire was applied to data collection of socio-demographic and COVID-19 pandemic related information. Results A total of 14,744 study participants were enrolled in the baseline survey and 12,111 completed survey data were extracted for analysis. The cumulative infection attack rate (IAR) of COVID-19 among the study participants was 84.7%. The cumulative IAR in urban and rural areas were 85.6% and 83.7%, respectively. A peak of COVID-19 self-reported diagnosis could be observed from Dec. 15th, 2022 to Jan. 1st, 2023 in the provincial level. Beside this major peak of the recent epidemic (around Dec.20th, 2022), a small but steep rise could also be identified between Jan 13th to 14th, 2023. Individuals who escaped the first wave of COVID-19 outbreaks may face danger of infection from returnees during the 2023 Spring Festival. Conclusion According to the COVID-19 cumulative IAR data, the herd community was primarily achieved in Shaanxi province's urban and rural areas. The epidemic in Shaanxi province has been exacerbated by mass population movement during the Spring Festival travel rush in both urban and rural areas. Further surveillance should be performed to monitor the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Protective effect of plasma neutralization from prior SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection against BA.5 subvariant symptomatic reinfection

“…The infection wave was rapid and widespread, impacting a large proportion of the population. 1 , 2 Previously, we recruited a cohort of individuals that experienced Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 infections in Jan–Feb, Mar–Jul, and Aug–Sep 2022 in Beijing and Tianjin, China, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ( Supplementary Fig. S1 and Table S1 ).…”

Protective effect of plasma neutralization from prior SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection against BA.5 subvariant symptomatic reinfection

“…The infection wave was rapid and widespread, impacting a large proportion of the population. 1,2 It is crucial to estimate the protective effect of the neutralizing antibodies generated by such mass infections against the next SARS-CoV-2 reinfection wave, potentially driven by the newly-emerged Omicron variants CH.1.1, BQ.1.1, or XBB.1.5.…”