Explosive sensing with insect-based biorobots

Saha, Diganta; Mehta, Darshit; Altan, Ege; Chandak, Rishabh; Traner, Mike; Lo, Ray; Gupta, Prashant; Singamaneni, Srikanth; Chakrabartty, Shantanu; Raman, Baranidharan

doi:10.1016/j.biosx.2020.100050

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The second-order question is, what’s it like to be a caterpillar, slowly changing into a butterfly as its brain is largely dissolved and reassembled into a different architecture for an animal whose sense organs, effectors, and perhaps overall Umwelt is completely different. All of this raises fascinating issues of first person experience not only in purely biological metamorphoses (such as human patients undergoing stem cell implants into their brains), but also technological hybrids such as brains instrumentized with novel sensory arrays, robotic bodies, software information systems, or brains functionally linked to other brains ( Warwick et al, 1998 ; Demarse et al, 2001 ; Potter et al, 2003 ; Bakkum et al, 2007a , b ; Tsuda et al, 2009 ; Cohen-Karni et al, 2012 ; Giselbrecht et al, 2013 ; Aaser et al, 2017 ; Ricotti et al, 2017 ; Ding et al, 2018 ; Mehrali et al, 2018 ; Anderson et al, 2020 ; Ando and Kanzaki, 2020 ; Merritt et al, 2020 ; Orive et al, 2020 ; Saha et al, 2020 ; Dong et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2021 ; Pio-Lopez, 2021 ). The developmental approach to the emergence of consciousness on short, ontogenetic timescales complements the related question on phylogenetic timescales, and is likely to be a key component of mature theories in this field.…”

Section: Consciousnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technological Approach to Mind Everywhere: An Experimentally-Grounded Framework for Understanding Diverse Bodies and Minds

Levin

2022

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

135

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Synthetic biology and bioengineering provide the opportunity to create novel embodied cognitive systems (otherwise known as minds) in a very wide variety of chimeric architectures combining evolved and designed material and software. These advances are disrupting familiar concepts in the philosophy of mind, and require new ways of thinking about and comparing truly diverse intelligences, whose composition and origin are not like any of the available natural model species. In this Perspective, I introduce TAME—Technological Approach to Mind Everywhere—a framework for understanding and manipulating cognition in unconventional substrates. TAME formalizes a non-binary (continuous), empirically-based approach to strongly embodied agency. TAME provides a natural way to think about animal sentience as an instance of collective intelligence of cell groups, arising from dynamics that manifest in similar ways in numerous other substrates. When applied to regenerating/developmental systems, TAME suggests a perspective on morphogenesis as an example of basal cognition. The deep symmetry between problem-solving in anatomical, physiological, transcriptional, and 3D (traditional behavioral) spaces drives specific hypotheses by which cognitive capacities can increase during evolution. An important medium exploited by evolution for joining active subunits into greater agents is developmental bioelectricity, implemented by pre-neural use of ion channels and gap junctions to scale up cell-level feedback loops into anatomical homeostasis. This architecture of multi-scale competency of biological systems has important implications for plasticity of bodies and minds, greatly potentiating evolvability. Considering classical and recent data from the perspectives of computational science, evolutionary biology, and basal cognition, reveals a rich research program with many implications for cognitive science, evolutionary biology, regenerative medicine, and artificial intelligence.

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Section: Consciousnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technological Approach to Mind Everywhere: An Experimentally-Grounded Framework for Understanding Diverse Bodies and Minds

Levin

2022

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

135

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“…We observed VOC-evoked changes in neural spiking responses in most of the PNs recorded. Since PNs are broadly selective to several odor stimuli and respond to specific odorants or odor mixtures with distinctive temporal firing patterns [22][23][24]51 , we targeted this neuron population for oral cancer classification. At the individual neuron level, the three oral cancer and the non-cancer VOC mixtures elicited distinct spiking responses over the odor presentation window.…”

Section: Cancer Vs Non-cancer Voc Compositions Elicit Distinct Olfact...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insect olfactory sensory systems are extremely powerful and have evolved to detect low concentrations of gas molecules and minute changes in the composition of gas mixtures [22][23][24][25] . Moreover, the locust olfactory system is well studied for odor-evoked neural coding schemes , and is accessible for electrophysiological recordings from multiple olfactory brain centers 27,38,47,48 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Harnessing insect olfactory neural circuits for noninvasive detection of human cancer

Farnum

Parnas

Apu

et al. 2022

Preprint

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There is overwhelming evidence that metabolic processes are altered in cancer cells and these changes are manifested in the volatile organic compound (VOC) composition of exhaled breath. Here, we take a novel approach of an insect olfactory neural circuit-based VOC sensor for cancer detection. We combined an in vivo antennae-attached insect brain with an electrophysiology platform and employed biological neural computation rules of antennal lobe circuitry for data analysis to achieve our goals. Our results demonstrate that three different human oral cancers can be robustly distinguished from each other and from a non-cancer oral cell line by analyzing individual cell culture VOC composition-evoked olfactory neural responses in the insect antennal lobe. By evaluating cancer vs. non-cancer VOC-evoked population neural responses, we show that olfactory neuron response-based classification of oral cancer is sensitive and reliable. Moreover, this brain-based cancer detection approach is very fast (detection time of 250 ms). We also demonstrate that this cancer detection technique is effective across changing chemical environments mimicking natural conditions. Our brain-based cancer detection system comprises a novel VOC sensing methodology that will spur the development of more forward engineering technologies for noninvasive detection of cancer.

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“…The neural data acquired in these experiments could not be reliably spike sorted using the approach mentioned above. As a result, we used an alternative approach for processing this dataset 52 . The raw data signals (acquired at 15 kHz) were de-noised using a band-pass between 300 Hz and 6000 Hz followed by clipping of signals 5 s.d.…”

Section: Monitoring Neural Responses In Behaving Locustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural manifolds for odor-driven innate and acquired appetitive preferences

Chandak

Raman

2021

Preprint

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Sensory stimuli evoke spiking neural responses that innately or after learning drive suitable behavioral outputs. How are these spiking activities intrinsically patterned to encode for innate preferences, and could the neural response organization impose constraints on learning? We examined this issue in the locust olfactory system. Using a diverse odor panel, we found that ensemble activities both during (‘ON response’) and after stimulus presentations (‘OFF response’) could be linearly mapped onto overall appetitive preference indices. Although diverse, ON and OFF response patterns generated by innately appetitive odorants were still limited to a low-dimensional subspace (a ‘neural manifold’). Similarly, innately non-appetitive odorants evoked responses that were separable yet confined to another neural manifold. Notably, only odorants that evoked neural response excursions in the appetitive manifold were conducive for learning. In sum, these results provide insights on how encoding for innate preferences can also set limits on associative learning.

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Explosive sensing with insect-based biorobots

Cited by 20 publications

References 40 publications

Technological Approach to Mind Everywhere: An Experimentally-Grounded Framework for Understanding Diverse Bodies and Minds

Technological Approach to Mind Everywhere: An Experimentally-Grounded Framework for Understanding Diverse Bodies and Minds

Harnessing insect olfactory neural circuits for noninvasive detection of human cancer

Neural manifolds for odor-driven innate and acquired appetitive preferences

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