Exposure test for xylenes

Šedivec, V.; Flek, J.

doi:10.1007/bf00378420

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…4 an exposure to 50 ppm of xylene produces a urinary methylhippuric acid content of 665 mg/g of creatinine in sa'mples oollected at the end of the workday. This value is about 100 mg/g of creatinine lower than the biological limit proposed by Sedivec and Flek (9) for an 8-h exposure to 46 ppm. The difference can be ascribed to the 10 to 15 Ufo too high airborne xylene concentrations (percentage of orto-xylene in the technical product), because our urinary excretion measurements ignore the absorbed ortoisomer.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…The relation between urinary methylhippuric acid concentrations and airborne xylene concentrations seems to be dependent on how the amount of the metabolite is expressed. Sedivec and Flek (9) have extensively studied different possibilities for recalculating methylhippuric acid excretion and have shown that individual ventilation is an important determinant. The smallest dispersion in the data was obtained by the use of the total amount of metabolite excreted within 8 h, recalculated to unit lung ventilation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the biological control of occupational xylene exposure, the determination of xylene concentration in both the blood and the exhaled air and an analysis of the urinary metabolite can be employed. Measurement of methylhippuric acid as an indicator of occupational xylene exposure has been proposed (5,6), and the method has been tested in experimental conditions by Sedivec and Flek (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of occupational exposure to xylene by blood, exhaled air and urine analysis.

Engström¹,

Husman²,

Pfäffli³

et al. 1978

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of occupational exposure to xylene by blood, exhaled air and urine analysis.

Engström¹,

Husman²,

Pfäffli³

et al. 1978

Scand J Work Environ Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In clinical practice, the urine concentration of a solute is evaluated as a unit of volume (usually 24-h collection), but accurately timed samples are dicult to collect: numerous analytes (e.g., toluene and chromium) that are investigated in occupational medicine are excreted immediately after the end of exposure, and 24-h collection causes dilution of analytes, with consequent underestimation of results (Sedivec and Flek 1976;Tola et al 1977). Although various types of adjustment have been applied (Araki 1980;Araki et al 1986;Greenberg and Levine 1989), in particular to urine¯ow rate (Araki et al 1990) or speci®c gravity adjusted to urine¯ow rate (Vij and Howell 1998), they all need timed collection, apart from the application of complicated mathematical formulae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjustment to concentration-dilution of spot urine samples: correlation between specific gravity and creatinine

Carrieri

Trevisan

Bartolucci

2000

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

133

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Results confirm the gender-dependence of creatinine concentrations in spot specimens and also show age-dependence, indicating the need for these aspects to be considered when the range of acceptable samples is to be set. No significant intra- or inter-day variations were observed for the two parameters. Lastly, the possibility of a comparison of differently adjusted values was indicated by a conversion formula derived from adjustments to creatinine and the corresponding specific gravity of a hypothetical urinary value, as follows: specific gravity adjusted values = 1.48 x creatinine adjusted values.

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“…On the other hand, several analytes measured in occupational medicine are excreted immediately after exposure, indicating that 24-hour collections could lead to underestimation of the results [4,5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Urinary Excretion Rate Adjustment in Measurements of Hippuric Acid in Urine

Nicolli

Chiara

Gambalunga

et al. 2014

IJERPH

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The urinary excretion rate is calculated based on short-term, defined time sample collections with a known sample mass, and this measurement can be used to remove the variability in urine concentrations due to urine dilution. Adjustment to the urinary excretion rate of hippuric acid was evaluated in 31 healthy volunteers (14 males and 17 females). Urine was collected as short-term or spot samples and tested for specific gravity, creatinine and hippuric acid. Hippuric acid values were unadjusted or adjusted to measurements of specific gravity, creatinine or urinary excretion rate. Hippuric acid levels were partially independent of urinary volume and urinary flow rate, in contrast to specific gravity and creatinine, which were both highly dependent on the hippuric acid level. Accordingly, hippuric acid was independent on urinary specific gravity and creatinine excretion. Unadjusted and adjusted values for specific gravity or creatinine were generally closely correlated, especially in spot samples. Values adjusted to the urinary excretion rate appeared well correlated to those unadjusted and adjusted to specific gravity or creatinine values. Thus, adjustment of crude hippuric acid values to the urinary excretion rate is a valid procedure but is difficult to apply in the field of occupational medicine and does not improve the information derived from values determined in spot urine samples, either unadjusted or adjusted to specific gravity and creatinine.

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Exposure test for xylenes

Cited by 36 publications

References 12 publications

Evaluation of occupational exposure to xylene by blood, exhaled air and urine analysis.

Evaluation of occupational exposure to xylene by blood, exhaled air and urine analysis.

Adjustment to concentration-dilution of spot urine samples: correlation between specific gravity and creatinine

Reliability of Urinary Excretion Rate Adjustment in Measurements of Hippuric Acid in Urine

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